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1 useful aspects
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2 sinnvolle Kriterien
Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch Engineering > sinnvolle Kriterien
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3 apoyar
v.1 to lean, to rest.apoya la cabeza en mi hombro rest your head on my shoulderapoyó la bicicleta contra la pared she leant the bicycle against the wallRicardo apoya su cabeza sobre la silla Richard leans his head on the chair.2 to support.lo apoyó mucho durante su depresión she gave him a lot of support when he was depressed3 to back up, to stand up for, to advocate, to endorse.Ella apoya los proyectos ecológicos She backs up ecological projects.4 to prop, to uphold, to backstop.Ella apoyó las vigas en la pared She propped the beams on the wall.* * *1 to lean, rest2 (fundar) to base, found1 (descansar) to lean (en, on), rest (en, on), stand (en, on)2 (dar el brazo) to hold on (en, to)■ ¿en qué te apoyas para decir eso? what do you base your arguments on?* * *verb1) to support, back2) rest, lean•- apoyarse* * *1. VT1) (=reclinar) to rest, leanapoya la cabeza en mi hombro — rest o lean your head on my shoulder
no apoyes los codos en la mesa — don't put o lean your elbows on the table
2) (=ayudar) to support3) (=basar) to base4) (=secundar) [+ propuesta, idea] to support5) (Arquit, Téc) to support2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( hacer descansar) to restapóyalo contra la pared — lean o rest it against the wall
2)a) ( respaldar) <propuesta/persona> to back, supportnadie la apoyó en su iniciativa — no one backed o supported her initiative
b) < teoría> to support, bear out2.apoyarse v pron1) (para sostenerse, descansar)2) (basarse, fundarse)¿en qué se apoya para hacer tal acusación? — what are you basing your accusation on?
* * *= back, boost, endorse, espouse, give + support, give + weight to, lend + weight to, offer + support, support, sustain, align + Reflexivo + with, prop, buttress, lend + support, undergird, bolster, add + weight to, add + Posesivo + weight to, buy into, shore up, back into, second, ditto, stand by, rally (a)round, rally behind, plump for, forward, back + Nombre + up.Ex. Co-operative, carefully planned and financed internationally backed efforts have been the keynote of more recent activity.Ex. If the title is selected by a book club this helps boost the print-run and overall sales.Ex. These rules follow a general trend in filing practices in endorsing the 'file-as-is' principle outlined below.Ex. Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.Ex. If support for quality cataloging is not going to be given, I think we should give it up entirely.Ex. The resulting compromise in the overall design principles followed is, therefore, likely to give greater weight to these conventional needs.Ex. They can bring into relief differing conditions in member countries and they often lend weight to arguments for or against various policy options.Ex. I have many people to acknowledge, beginning with my co-editor who offered untiring support and many useful suggestions in putting together the institutes.Ex. In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.Ex. Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.Ex. This article argues that fiction is an area of stock development which would readily achieve the goals of development with which public librarians have aligned themselves.Ex. The type cases were propped up for use on a timber frame at a convenient working height.Ex. Authors were often buttressed in their novel writing by other pieces of freelance writing.Ex. The librarian who lends support to those who criticize the organization which employs him is likely also to find his position difficult.Ex. Both libraries sought to undergird their partnership essential to a central role in collegiate education.Ex. Bibliometric studies used to bolster the subjective opinions of librarians are not always useful for specialized areas.Ex. Measurement of library activities can provide the evidence to erase misconceptions and add weight to those aspects of service that present a more powerful image = La medición de las actividades bibliotecarias puede proporcionar las pruebas necesarias para erradicar falsas ideas y apoyar aquellos aspectos del servicio que presentan una mejor imagen de la biblioteca.Ex. But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.Ex. The vendor, like the academic librarian it services, it must buy into the mission of the academic institution.Ex. This project seeks to return control of scholarly publications to the academy and to shore up the case for publication of genuine scholarly works.Ex. To the best of my knowledge, most of the big research libraries backed into the world of media = Según mi opinión, la mayoría de las bibliotecas académicas apostaron por adquirir todo tipo de soporte.Ex. Most of the proposals for establishing gender studies were seconded.Ex. I received mine yesterday and I'll ditto the fact that they look very professional.Ex. It's hard to believe she stands by a man who gets his kicks out of beating her black and blue everynight.Ex. I recalled how bereft we felt when we lost our son and how friends and neighbours rallied round and offered a shoulder to cry on.Ex. The second group, who rallied behind McCarthy, was composed of students and intellectuals who were vociferous against the war.Ex. There is some discussion as to what RSS stands for, but the majority plump for 'Really Simple Syndication'.Ex. In order to forward the mission of the University, specific programs will be targeted for growth, consolidation, and possible elimination.Ex. Often they use rather fancy words, such as 'theoretical models' or 'constructs' or 'paradigms' to describe what are, very frequently, no more than hypothetical ideas or categorisations which have little empirical evidence to back them up.----* apoyar Algo completamente = put + Posesivo + muscle behind + Nombre.* apoyar de nuevo = reendorse.* apoyar en = lean against.* apoyar la idea = endorse + the idea.* apoyar la necesidad de = endorse + the need (for/to).* apoyar + Posesivo + argumento = support + Posesivo + case, buttress + Posesivo + case.* apoyarse en = lean on/upon, inform.* apoyarse sobre = rest on/upon.* apoyar una causa = forward + cause, support + cause.* apoyar una idea = favour + idea.* apoyar una opinión = support + contention.* apoyar un argumento = support + contention.* apoyar una tesis = give + weight to the claim that.* persona que apoya una moción o propuesta = seconder.* que apoya moralmente = supportive.* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( hacer descansar) to restapóyalo contra la pared — lean o rest it against the wall
2)a) ( respaldar) <propuesta/persona> to back, supportnadie la apoyó en su iniciativa — no one backed o supported her initiative
b) < teoría> to support, bear out2.apoyarse v pron1) (para sostenerse, descansar)2) (basarse, fundarse)¿en qué se apoya para hacer tal acusación? — what are you basing your accusation on?
* * *= back, boost, endorse, espouse, give + support, give + weight to, lend + weight to, offer + support, support, sustain, align + Reflexivo + with, prop, buttress, lend + support, undergird, bolster, add + weight to, add + Posesivo + weight to, buy into, shore up, back into, second, ditto, stand by, rally (a)round, rally behind, plump for, forward, back + Nombre + up.Ex: Co-operative, carefully planned and financed internationally backed efforts have been the keynote of more recent activity.
Ex: If the title is selected by a book club this helps boost the print-run and overall sales.Ex: These rules follow a general trend in filing practices in endorsing the 'file-as-is' principle outlined below.Ex: Most respondents espoused the latter view as an appropriate response to IT developments to date.Ex: If support for quality cataloging is not going to be given, I think we should give it up entirely.Ex: The resulting compromise in the overall design principles followed is, therefore, likely to give greater weight to these conventional needs.Ex: They can bring into relief differing conditions in member countries and they often lend weight to arguments for or against various policy options.Ex: I have many people to acknowledge, beginning with my co-editor who offered untiring support and many useful suggestions in putting together the institutes.Ex: In order to support these three elements, and to ensure that schemes are updated it is important to have some organisation which takes responsibility for revision and publication.Ex: Publishers in the United Stated benefit from a larger home market which serves to sustain the production of an information tool.Ex: This article argues that fiction is an area of stock development which would readily achieve the goals of development with which public librarians have aligned themselves.Ex: The type cases were propped up for use on a timber frame at a convenient working height.Ex: Authors were often buttressed in their novel writing by other pieces of freelance writing.Ex: The librarian who lends support to those who criticize the organization which employs him is likely also to find his position difficult.Ex: Both libraries sought to undergird their partnership essential to a central role in collegiate education.Ex: Bibliometric studies used to bolster the subjective opinions of librarians are not always useful for specialized areas.Ex: Measurement of library activities can provide the evidence to erase misconceptions and add weight to those aspects of service that present a more powerful image = La medición de las actividades bibliotecarias puede proporcionar las pruebas necesarias para erradicar falsas ideas y apoyar aquellos aspectos del servicio que presentan una mejor imagen de la biblioteca.Ex: But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.Ex: The vendor, like the academic librarian it services, it must buy into the mission of the academic institution.Ex: This project seeks to return control of scholarly publications to the academy and to shore up the case for publication of genuine scholarly works.Ex: To the best of my knowledge, most of the big research libraries backed into the world of media = Según mi opinión, la mayoría de las bibliotecas académicas apostaron por adquirir todo tipo de soporte.Ex: Most of the proposals for establishing gender studies were seconded.Ex: I received mine yesterday and I'll ditto the fact that they look very professional.Ex: It's hard to believe she stands by a man who gets his kicks out of beating her black and blue everynight.Ex: I recalled how bereft we felt when we lost our son and how friends and neighbours rallied round and offered a shoulder to cry on.Ex: The second group, who rallied behind McCarthy, was composed of students and intellectuals who were vociferous against the war.Ex: There is some discussion as to what RSS stands for, but the majority plump for 'Really Simple Syndication'.Ex: In order to forward the mission of the University, specific programs will be targeted for growth, consolidation, and possible elimination.Ex: Often they use rather fancy words, such as 'theoretical models' or 'constructs' or 'paradigms' to describe what are, very frequently, no more than hypothetical ideas or categorisations which have little empirical evidence to back them up.* apoyar Algo completamente = put + Posesivo + muscle behind + Nombre.* apoyar de nuevo = reendorse.* apoyar en = lean against.* apoyar la idea = endorse + the idea.* apoyar la necesidad de = endorse + the need (for/to).* apoyar + Posesivo + argumento = support + Posesivo + case, buttress + Posesivo + case.* apoyarse en = lean on/upon, inform.* apoyarse sobre = rest on/upon.* apoyar una causa = forward + cause, support + cause.* apoyar una idea = favour + idea.* apoyar una opinión = support + contention.* apoyar un argumento = support + contention.* apoyar una tesis = give + weight to the claim that.* persona que apoya una moción o propuesta = seconder.* que apoya moralmente = supportive.* * *apoyar [A1 ]vtA (hacer descansar) to restapoya la escalera contra la pared lean o rest the ladder against the wallcon la cabeza apoyada en su hombro with her head resting on his shoulderno se debe apoyar los codos sobre la mesa you mustn't put o rest your elbows on the tablehay que apoyar todo el peso del cuerpo sobre una pierna you have to put all your weight on one footB1 (respaldar) ‹propuesta/persona› to back, support¿me vas a apoyar si me quejo? are you going to back me (up) o support me if I complain?no apoyamos la huelga we do not support the strikenadie la apoyó en su iniciativa no one backed o supported her initiativeapoyar técnica y financieramente su desarrollo to give technical and financial support o backing for its development2 ‹teoría› to support, bear outno hay pruebas que apoyen esta hipótesis there is no evidence to bear out o support this hypothesis■ apoyarseA (para sostenerse, descansar) apoyarse EN algo to lean ON sthcaminaba lentamente apoyándose en un bastón she walked slowly, leaning on a walking stick o using a walking stick for supportse apoya demasiado en su familia he relies too much on his family (for support), he leans too heavily on his familyB (basarse, fundarse) apoyarse EN algo to be based ON sthse apoyó en estas cifras para defender su teoría he used these figures to defend his theory¿en qué se apoya para hacer semejante acusación? what are you basing your accusation on?, what is the basis of your accusation?* * *
apoyar ( conjugate apoyar) verbo transitivo
1 ( hacer descansar) apoyar (algo en algo) to rest (sth on sth);
2
apoyarse verbo pronominal
1 (para sostenerse, descansar) apoyarse en algo to lean on sth
2 (basarse, fundarse) apoyarse en algo to be based on sth
apoyar verbo transitivo
1 to lean
2 (causa) to support
' apoyar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
refrendar
- agarrar
- ir
- recostar
- respaldar
- sostener
English:
advocate
- back
- back up
- bolster
- buttress
- champion
- endorse
- lean
- prop
- prop up
- reinforce
- rest
- root for
- stand by
- support
- root
- sponsor
- stand
* * *♦ vt1. [inclinar] to lean, to rest;apoya la cabeza en mi hombro rest your head on my shoulder;apoyó la bicicleta contra la pared she leant the bicycle against the wall;apoyó los codos sobre la mesa he leant his elbows on the table2. [respaldar] to support;todos apoyaron su decisión everyone supported her decision;lo apoyó mucho durante su depresión she gave him a lot of support when he was depressed;los directivos los apoyaron en su protesta management supported their protest3. [basar] to base;apoya su teoría en datos concretos her theory is based on o supported by concrete statistics* * *v/t1 lean (en against), rest (en against)* * *apoyar vt1) : to support, to back2) : to lean, to rest* * *apoyar vb2. (descansar) to rest3. (defender) to support -
4 ayudar a comprender mejor
(v.) = offer + insights, improve + understanding, give + an insight into, glean + insights, provide + insight into, lend + understanding toEx. A study of the ethical aspects of information systems can offer insights and methods to understand the problems which leaders in the information professions face. = Un estudio de los aspectos éticos de los sistemas de información puede ayudar a comprender mejor y proporcionarnos métodos para entender los problemas a los que se enfrentan los líderes de las profesiones de bibliotecario y de documentalista.Ex. This approach represents a conceptual advance that improves understanding of the complexities of the working world of information professionals.Ex. His plenary address gave an insight into government thinking on library and information policy.Ex. Their daily experiences provide grist for the writer's mill, from which insights concerning management processes may be gleaned.Ex. This article reports the findings of an investigation which was conducted in order to determine if either the impact factor or the immediacy index provide useful insights into the qualitative relations among scientific journals.Ex. The text contains both black-and-white and color illustrations, which lend understanding to the topics being discussed.* * *(v.) = offer + insights, improve + understanding, give + an insight into, glean + insights, provide + insight into, lend + understanding toEx: A study of the ethical aspects of information systems can offer insights and methods to understand the problems which leaders in the information professions face. = Un estudio de los aspectos éticos de los sistemas de información puede ayudar a comprender mejor y proporcionarnos métodos para entender los problemas a los que se enfrentan los líderes de las profesiones de bibliotecario y de documentalista.
Ex: This approach represents a conceptual advance that improves understanding of the complexities of the working world of information professionals.Ex: His plenary address gave an insight into government thinking on library and information policy.Ex: Their daily experiences provide grist for the writer's mill, from which insights concerning management processes may be gleaned.Ex: This article reports the findings of an investigation which was conducted in order to determine if either the impact factor or the immediacy index provide useful insights into the qualitative relations among scientific journals.Ex: The text contains both black-and-white and color illustrations, which lend understanding to the topics being discussed. -
5 coche de época
vintage car* * *(n.) = vintage carEx. Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.* * *(n.) = vintage carEx: Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.
* * *vintage car -
6 divertido
adj.amusing, cool, entertaining, fun.past part.past participle of spanish verb: divertir.* * *1→ link=divertir divertir► adjetivo1 (gracioso) funny, amusing2 (entretenido) fun, entertaining, enjoyable* * *(f. - divertida)adj.1) amusing, funny2) entertaining* * *ADJ1) (=entretenido) [libro, película] entertaining; [chiste, persona] funny, amusingla fiesta fue muy divertida — the party was great fun o very enjoyable
¡qué divertido! ¿ahora me dices que no puedes ir? — iró that's just great! now you tell me you can't go?
2)DIVERTIDO ¿"Funny o fun"? ► Divertido solo se puede traducir por funny si nos hace reír: Acabo de ver una obra muy divertida I've just seen a very funny play ► Cuando hablamos de una actividad o situación divertida (en el sentido de entretenida y agradable), a menudo se la puede describir en inglés como fun: Me gusta jugar al escondite. Es muy divertido I like playing hide and seek. It's great fun NOTA: Fun es un sustantivo incontable y por lo tanto, al contrario que funny, no puede ir acompañado de adverbios como very. Se suele acompañar de great, good y a lot of. Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entradaestar divertido — LAm * to be tight *
* * *- da adjetivoa) (que interesa, divierte) <espectáculo/fiesta> fun, enjoyable; <momento/situación> entertaininges un tipo muy divertido — he's a really fun guy, he's really fun to be with
b) ( gracioso) funny* * *= amused, enjoyable, facetious, laughable, hilarious, fun, amusing, funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.], playful, cheery [cheerier -comp., cheeriest -sup.], comedic, droll.Ex. After the wait, her first words emerged with an amused laugh.Ex. Having made this prefatory warning, it has also to be said that many teachers successfully contrive to make reviewing an enjoyable and useful ingredient in their book and reading programs.Ex. This might, perhaps, be considered a facetious example; however, consider the effect of the indiscriminate use of LATIN AMERICA and SPANISH AMERICA.Ex. It's laughable when Archie Bunker says that, because we know he's an uneducated slob.Ex. In studying the structure of bibliographic control it is not difficult to discover strange, and even hilarious, examples of specialist bibliographic sources.Ex. To make the reading more fun for the children we'll include a squib about the garbage dog from 'The Eighteenth Emergency' by Betsy Byars to put alongside a passage about mongrels from the 'World Book Encyclopedia'.Ex. In the proceedings of the pioneer 1876 Conference of Librarians we can read that 'Mr Edmands gave some amusing illustrations to show that readers often had only the most vague idea of what they really wanted'.Ex. This article reviews on-line data bases that may be used to search for references to humour (cartoons, funny articles and books, and medical aspects of humour).Ex. The article is a playful attempt to describe the historical determinations of the subject.Ex. The novel is a cheery social satire about geeky middle-aged men and their freakishly attractive, younger spouses.Ex. In the year 2000, news and entertainment programs dedicated a great deal of comedic attention to the presidential election.Ex. Never sentimental, the movie has moments of droll, deadpan humor.----* algo diverto que hacer = fun thing to do.* de forma divertida = funnily.* de manera divertida = funnily.* de modo divertido = comically, funnily.* lo divertido = the fun part.* resultar divertido = tickle + Posesivo + fancy.* * *- da adjetivoa) (que interesa, divierte) <espectáculo/fiesta> fun, enjoyable; <momento/situación> entertaininges un tipo muy divertido — he's a really fun guy, he's really fun to be with
b) ( gracioso) funny* * *= amused, enjoyable, facetious, laughable, hilarious, fun, amusing, funny [funnier -comp., funniest -sup.], playful, cheery [cheerier -comp., cheeriest -sup.], comedic, droll.Ex: After the wait, her first words emerged with an amused laugh.
Ex: Having made this prefatory warning, it has also to be said that many teachers successfully contrive to make reviewing an enjoyable and useful ingredient in their book and reading programs.Ex: This might, perhaps, be considered a facetious example; however, consider the effect of the indiscriminate use of LATIN AMERICA and SPANISH AMERICA.Ex: It's laughable when Archie Bunker says that, because we know he's an uneducated slob.Ex: In studying the structure of bibliographic control it is not difficult to discover strange, and even hilarious, examples of specialist bibliographic sources.Ex: To make the reading more fun for the children we'll include a squib about the garbage dog from 'The Eighteenth Emergency' by Betsy Byars to put alongside a passage about mongrels from the 'World Book Encyclopedia'.Ex: In the proceedings of the pioneer 1876 Conference of Librarians we can read that 'Mr Edmands gave some amusing illustrations to show that readers often had only the most vague idea of what they really wanted'.Ex: This article reviews on-line data bases that may be used to search for references to humour (cartoons, funny articles and books, and medical aspects of humour).Ex: The article is a playful attempt to describe the historical determinations of the subject.Ex: The novel is a cheery social satire about geeky middle-aged men and their freakishly attractive, younger spouses.Ex: In the year 2000, news and entertainment programs dedicated a great deal of comedic attention to the presidential election.Ex: Never sentimental, the movie has moments of droll, deadpan humor.* algo diverto que hacer = fun thing to do.* de forma divertida = funnily.* de manera divertida = funnily.* de modo divertido = comically, funnily.* lo divertido = the fun part.* resultar divertido = tickle + Posesivo + fancy.* * *divertido -da1 (que interesa, recrea, divierte) ‹espectáculo/fiesta› fun, enjoyable; ‹momento/situación› entertainingfue una fiesta muy divertida it was a very enjoyable o ( colloq) a fun party, the party was a lot of fun o was great funel baile estuvo muy divertido the dance was very entertaining o great fun¡qué divertido! ahora va y se pone a llover ( iró); (that's) wonderful o great! now it's started raining ( iro)es un tipo muy divertido he's a really fun guy o a very entertaining guy, he's really fun to be with2 (gracioso) funnyestuvo de lo más divertido it was so funny* * *
Del verbo divertir: ( conjugate divertir)
divertido es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
divertido
divertir
divertido◊ -da adjetivo
‹momento/situación› entertaining;
divertir ( conjugate divertir) verbo transitivo
to amuse
divertirse verbo pronominal ( entretenerse) to amuse oneself;
( pasarlo bien) to have fun, enjoy oneself;◊ ¡que te diviertas! have fun!, enjoy yourself!;
nos divertimos mucho en la fiesta we had a really good time at the party
divertido,-a adjetivo funny, amusing: son una pareja muy divertida, they are a very amusing couple
un libro divertido, a funny book ➣ Ver nota en funny
divertir verbo transitivo to amuse, entertain
' divertido' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
amén
- divertida
- lance
- monda
- salada
- salado
- simpática
- simpático
- tío
- cachondo
- gracioso
- más
- piola
English:
amusing
- comic
- enjoyable
- entertaining
- fun
- funny
- humorous
- hysterical
- riotously
- amused
- company
* * *divertido, -a adj1. [entretenido] [película, libro] entertaining;[fiesta] enjoyable;la fiesta fue de lo más divertido it was such an enjoyable party2. [gracioso] [persona, chiste] funny, amusing;es un chico muy divertido he's a very funny o amusing boy;encontraba divertido aquel entusiasmo pueril I found this childish enthusiasm amusing3. Andes, Arg, Guat [achispado] tipsy* * *adj1 funny2 ( entretenido) entertaining* * *divertido, -da adj1) : amusing, funny2) : entertaining, enjoyable* * *divertido adj2. (entretenido) enjoyable¡qué divertido! what fun! -
7 exposición
f.1 exposition, show, display, exhibit.2 exposure, exposed position, exposition.Exposición al sol Exposure to the sun.3 exposé.4 exposition, dissertation.5 exposure.6 time exposure.7 libel, exposé.* * *1 (de arte) exhibition, show; (de mercancías) display2 (explicación) account, explanation; (hechos, ideas) exposé3 (al sol etc) exposure4 (fotografía) exposure5 (riesgo) risk\exposición universal world fair* * *noun f.1) exhibition, show2) display3) exposure* * *SF1) (=muestra) (Arte) exhibition; (Com) show, fairexposición itinerante — travelling show, traveling show (EEUU)
2) (=acto) [gen] exposing, exposure; (Fot) exposure; (Com) display3) (=enunciado) [de hechos] statement; [de teoría] expositionexposición de motivos — (Jur) explanatory preamble
* * *1)a) ( acción) exhibition, showingb) (muestra - de cuadros, esculturas) exhibition; (- de productos, maquinaria) show2) (de hechos, razones) statement, exposition (frml); (de tema, teoría) exposition (frml), presentation3) (al aire, sol) exposure; (Fot) exposure* * *= account, display, exhibition, exposition, exposure, show, exhibit, art show, viewing.Ex. In the interests of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.Ex. Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.Ex. Special rules are includes for specific types of corporate bodies, such as exhibitions, conferences, subordinate and related bodies, governments bodies and officials, and radio and television stations.Ex. Ninety-nine years ago Charles Cutter began his exposition of a set of cataloging rules with the following objectives.Ex. The 1850s also saw the appearance of photolithography, whereby a chemical film spread on the surface of a litho stone or plate was rendered insoluble and water-repellent by exposure to light.Ex. Locate the exhibit catalog for a show of American impressionists held at the Corcoran Gallery in 1985.Ex. Models and displays set up in the salesrooms or as special exhibits are both decorative and interesting.Ex. The library provides a range of services to its community, including homebound service, story hours, film series, literacy tutoring, income tax assistance, art shows, to name a few.Ex. There will be a private viewing for conference-goers of Chicago's Art Institute and a reception at the Newberry Library with culinary delights created by Chef Louis Szathmary.----* ajustar la exposición = adjust + exposure.* catálogo de exposición = exhibit catalogue, exhibition catalogue.* celebrar una exposición = hold + exhibition.* claridad de exposición = clarity of exposition.* en exposición = on exhibit, on show, on display.* exposición al sol = sun exposure.* exposición comercial = trade show, trade exhibition.* exposición de arte = art exhibit, art exhibition.* exposición de fotografías = photographic exhibition.* exposición de inauguración = opening exhibition.* exposición de libros = book display.* exposición de los hechos = statement of fact.* exposición de museo = museum exhibit.* exposición de productos artesanales = craft show.* exposiciones de fotografía = salon photography.* exposición fotográfica = photographic exhibition, photo gallery.* exposición indecente = indecent exposure.* exposición itinerante = travelling exhibition.* inauguración de la exposición = exhibition opening.* industria de las exposiciones comerciales = trade show industry.* montar una exposición = mount + display, mount + exhibition, put on + display, put on + exhibition.* participante en la exposición comercial = exhibitor.* sala de exposiciones = exhibition room, exhibit hall.* sala de exposición y venta = show room [showroom].* salón de exposición y ventas = salesroom [saleroom].* * *1)a) ( acción) exhibition, showingb) (muestra - de cuadros, esculturas) exhibition; (- de productos, maquinaria) show2) (de hechos, razones) statement, exposition (frml); (de tema, teoría) exposition (frml), presentation3) (al aire, sol) exposure; (Fot) exposure* * *= account, display, exhibition, exposition, exposure, show, exhibit, art show, viewing.Ex: In the interests of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.
Ex: Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.Ex: Special rules are includes for specific types of corporate bodies, such as exhibitions, conferences, subordinate and related bodies, governments bodies and officials, and radio and television stations.Ex: Ninety-nine years ago Charles Cutter began his exposition of a set of cataloging rules with the following objectives.Ex: The 1850s also saw the appearance of photolithography, whereby a chemical film spread on the surface of a litho stone or plate was rendered insoluble and water-repellent by exposure to light.Ex: Locate the exhibit catalog for a show of American impressionists held at the Corcoran Gallery in 1985.Ex: Models and displays set up in the salesrooms or as special exhibits are both decorative and interesting.Ex: The library provides a range of services to its community, including homebound service, story hours, film series, literacy tutoring, income tax assistance, art shows, to name a few.Ex: There will be a private viewing for conference-goers of Chicago's Art Institute and a reception at the Newberry Library with culinary delights created by Chef Louis Szathmary.* ajustar la exposición = adjust + exposure.* catálogo de exposición = exhibit catalogue, exhibition catalogue.* celebrar una exposición = hold + exhibition.* claridad de exposición = clarity of exposition.* en exposición = on exhibit, on show, on display.* exposición al sol = sun exposure.* exposición comercial = trade show, trade exhibition.* exposición de arte = art exhibit, art exhibition.* exposición de fotografías = photographic exhibition.* exposición de inauguración = opening exhibition.* exposición de libros = book display.* exposición de los hechos = statement of fact.* exposición de museo = museum exhibit.* exposición de productos artesanales = craft show.* exposiciones de fotografía = salon photography.* exposición fotográfica = photographic exhibition, photo gallery.* exposición indecente = indecent exposure.* exposición itinerante = travelling exhibition.* inauguración de la exposición = exhibition opening.* industria de las exposiciones comerciales = trade show industry.* montar una exposición = mount + display, mount + exhibition, put on + display, put on + exhibition.* participante en la exposición comercial = exhibitor.* sala de exposiciones = exhibition room, exhibit hall.* sala de exposición y venta = show room [showroom].* salón de exposición y ventas = salesroom [saleroom].* * *A1 (acción) exhibition, showing2 (muestra — de cuadros, esculturas) exhibition; (— de productos, maquinaria) showuna exposición de flores a flower showuna exposición itinerante a traveling exhibitionCompuestos:dog showtrade fairtrade fairworld fairB (de hechos, razones) statement, setting out, exposition ( frml); (de un tema, una teoría) exposition ( frml), presentationhizo una exposición detallada de lo ocurrido she gave a detailed account of what had happenedC1 (al aire, sol) exposure2 ( Fot) exposure* * *
exposición sustantivo femenino
1
(— de productos, maquinaria) show
2 (de hechos, razones) statement;
(de tema, teoría) presentation
3 (al aire, sol) exposure;
(Fot) exposure
exposición sustantivo femenino
1 Arte exhibition
exposición universal, world fair
2 (de un argumento, proyecto) account: me hizo una breve exposición de lo que había pasado, he gave a short account of what happened
3 Fot exposure
' exposición' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
caseta
- desarrollo
- discurso
- granada
- granado
- pabellón
- planteamiento
- salón
- sede
- albergar
- alegato
- auspiciar
- circuito
- concurrido
- conjunto
- didáctico
- feria
- inaugurar
- informe
- montar
- muestra
- panel
- relación
- surrealista
- urna
English:
auspice
- display
- draw
- exhibit
- exhibition
- exposition
- exposure
- opening
- show
- showroom
- stand
- statement
- dog
- on
- retrospective
- sales
- speed
* * *exposición nf1. [de arte] exhibition;[de objetos en vitrina] display; [de máquinas, aparatos, herramientas] show, fair;una exposición de flores a flower show;una exposición canina a dog showexposición universal international exposition o exhibition, US world's fair2. [de teoría] exposition;[de tema] presentation; [de ideas, propuesta] setting out, explanation; [de argumentos, razones] setting out, statement;ofreció una detallada exposición de los hechos she gave a detailed account of the events3. [al sol, calor, radiaciones] exposure4. Fot exposure5. Mús exposition* * *f exhibition* * *exposición nf, pl - ciones1) exhibición: exposition, exhibition2) : exposure3) : presentation, statement* * *1. (de arte) exhibition2. (de productos) show -
8 ferrocarril
m.1 railway(system, media).2 railroad, railway.* * *1 railway, US railroad* * *noun m.railway, railroad* * *SM railway, railroad (EEUU)por ferrocarril — by rail, by train
ferrocarril de trocha angosta — Cono Sur narrow-gauge railway, narrow-gauge railroad (EEUU)
ferrocarril de vía estrecha — narrow-gauge railway, narrow-gauge railroad (EEUU)
ferrocarril de vía única — single-track railway, single-track railroad (EEUU)
ferrocarril elevado — overhead railway, elevated railway, elevated railroad (EEUU), el (EEUU) *
ferrocarril funicular — funicular, funicular railway
ferrocarril subterráneo — underground railway, subway (EEUU)
* * ** * *= railroad(s), railway(s), rail.Ex. The article 'Libraries and the railroads -- or sitting on a siding watching the freight trains go by' compares the possible future of libraries and information centres with the state of US railways.Ex. Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.Ex. The main mode of transportation is by truck, although some is by rail and a minute part by stationwagons.----* estación de ferrocarril = railway station.* ferrocarril elevado = elevated railroad.* línea de ferrocarril = rail line, rail link, railway line, railroad(s), railway(s).* ramal de ferrocarril = branch-line.* traviesa de ferrocarril = railway sleeper.* vía de ferrocarril = railway line.* * ** * *= railroad(s), railway(s), rail.Ex: The article 'Libraries and the railroads -- or sitting on a siding watching the freight trains go by' compares the possible future of libraries and information centres with the state of US railways.
Ex: Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.Ex: The main mode of transportation is by truck, although some is by rail and a minute part by stationwagons.* estación de ferrocarril = railway station.* ferrocarril elevado = elevated railroad.* línea de ferrocarril = rail line, rail link, railway line, railroad(s), railway(s).* ramal de ferrocarril = branch-line.* traviesa de ferrocarril = railway sleeper.* vía de ferrocarril = railway line.* * *la historía del ferrocarril the history of the railroad o railwayCompuesto:cog railway, rack railway* * *
ferrocarril sustantivo masculino
railroad (AmE), railway (BrE)
ferrocarril sustantivo masculino railway, US railroad
' ferrocarril' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
línea
English:
buffet
- electrify
- embankment
- rail
- railroad
- railway
- railway carriage
- railway station
- elevated
- train
* * *ferrocarril nm1. [sistema, medio] railway, US railroad;por ferrocarril by trainferrocarril de cremallera rack railway o US railroad;ferrocarril funicular funicular (railway);2. [tren] train* * *m1 railroad, Brrailway2 Urugen examen cheat sheet, Brcrib* * *ferrocarril nm: railroad, railway* * *ferrocarril n railway / train -
9 flor salvaje
(n.) = wildflower [wild flower]Ex. Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.* * *(n.) = wildflower [wild flower]Ex: Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.
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10 flor silvestre
f.wild flower.* * *(n.) = wildflower [wild flower]Ex. Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.* * *(n.) = wildflower [wild flower]Ex: Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.
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11 línea de ferrocarril
(n.) = rail line, rail link, railway line, railroad(s), railway(s)Ex. From Glasgow, rail lines radiate in most directions.Ex. Wangaratta is strategically placed on the direct rail link between Melbourne and Sydney.Ex. The wall between the Hotel's garden and pool and the railway line and the beach was flattened by the tsunami.Ex. The article 'Libraries and the railroads -- or sitting on a siding watching the freight trains go by' compares the possible future of libraries and information centres with the state of US railways.Ex. Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.* * *(n.) = rail line, rail link, railway line, railroad(s), railway(s)Ex: From Glasgow, rail lines radiate in most directions.
Ex: Wangaratta is strategically placed on the direct rail link between Melbourne and Sydney.Ex: The wall between the Hotel's garden and pool and the railway line and the beach was flattened by the tsunami.Ex: The article 'Libraries and the railroads -- or sitting on a siding watching the freight trains go by' compares the possible future of libraries and information centres with the state of US railways.Ex: Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources. -
12 muestra
f.1 sample (cantidad representativa).para muestra (basta) un botón one example is enoughuna muestra representativa de la población a cross-section of the populationmuestra gratuita free sample2 sign, show (señal).dar muestras de to show signs of3 model, pattern (modelo).4 show, exhibition.5 preview, example.6 swatch.7 cross-section of population.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: mostrar.* * *1 (ejemplar) sample■ ¿me da una muestra de esta tela? could I have a sample of this fabric?2 (modelo) pattern3 (señal) proof, sign■ a mitad de la carrera ya daba muestras de cansancio he was showing signs of tiredness halfway through the race4 (rótulo) sign5 (exposición) show, display\como muestra un botón as a samplemuestra gratuita free sample* * *noun f.1) sample2) show* * *SF1) (=señal) sign, indication- para muestra basta un botón¿que si es listo? para muestra un botón, ha sacado un diez en el examen — is he clever? by way of example he got full marks in the exam
2) (=prueba) proof3) (Com) sample4) (Med) sample, specimen5) (=exposición) trade fair6) (=en estadística) samplemuestra aleatoria, muestra al azar — random sample
7) (Cos) pattern8) (=esfera de reloj) face9) † [de tienda] sign, signboard* * *1)a) ( de mercancía) samplepara muestra (basta) un botón — (fam) for example, for instance
b) (de sangre, orina) specimen, samplec) ( en labores) sample of work doned) ( en estadísticas) sample2) (prueba, señal)como or en muestra de mi gratitud/buena voluntad — as a token of my gratitude/goodwill
una muestra de cansancio/falta de madurez — a sign of tiredness/immaturity
3) ( exposición) exhibition, exhibit (AmE); (de teatro, cine) festival* * *= display, sample, smear, specimen, reassurance, sampler, show, taster, swab.Ex. Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.Ex. Also, sound recordings, samples, maps and graphic materials may occasionally merit inclusion.Ex. Populary light response is poor and intraocular pressure is normal and smear shows no organisms.Ex. An object is a tree-dimensional artefact (or replica of an artefact) or a specimen of a naturally occurring entity.Ex. Such reassurance becomes particularly important if the inquirer has not sampled the file, either in a printed format or in browsing online.Ex. The book becomes a sampler, a pattern against which we can compare what we are.Ex. Locate the exhibit catalog for a show of American impressionists held at the Corcoran Gallery in 1985.Ex. 'Free' services still predominate on the Internet: some providers offer samples of free information as a taster for their charged services.Ex. Two swabs were collected from each woman, one by the gynaecologist and one by the woman.----* análisis de una muestra representativa = cross-sectional analysis.* botón de muestra = showplace, just an/one example.* como muestra de agradecimiento = as a token of thanks.* como muestra de + Posesivo + agradecimiento = as a token of + Posesivo + appreciation.* como muestra de + Posesivo + gratitud = as a token of + Posesivo + gratitude.* dar muestras de = show + signs of.* error de la muestra = sampling error.* feria de muestras = trade show, trade fair.* formulario de muestra = sample form.* industria de las ferias de muestras = trade show industry.* muestra al azar = random sample.* muestra bióptica = biopsy specimen.* muestra de aprecio = mark of appreciation.* muestra de arte = art exhibit, art exhibition.* muestra de degustación = taster.* muestra de hielo = ice core.* muestra de interés = expression of interest.* muestra de sange = blood sample.* muestra probabilística = random sample.* muestra representativa = cross-section [cross section].* recogida de muestras = sampling.* sala de muestras = show room [showroom].* una muestra variada de = a mosaic of.* * *1)a) ( de mercancía) samplepara muestra (basta) un botón — (fam) for example, for instance
b) (de sangre, orina) specimen, samplec) ( en labores) sample of work doned) ( en estadísticas) sample2) (prueba, señal)como or en muestra de mi gratitud/buena voluntad — as a token of my gratitude/goodwill
una muestra de cansancio/falta de madurez — a sign of tiredness/immaturity
3) ( exposición) exhibition, exhibit (AmE); (de teatro, cine) festival* * *= display, sample, smear, specimen, reassurance, sampler, show, taster, swab.Ex: Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.
Ex: Also, sound recordings, samples, maps and graphic materials may occasionally merit inclusion.Ex: Populary light response is poor and intraocular pressure is normal and smear shows no organisms.Ex: An object is a tree-dimensional artefact (or replica of an artefact) or a specimen of a naturally occurring entity.Ex: Such reassurance becomes particularly important if the inquirer has not sampled the file, either in a printed format or in browsing online.Ex: The book becomes a sampler, a pattern against which we can compare what we are.Ex: Locate the exhibit catalog for a show of American impressionists held at the Corcoran Gallery in 1985.Ex: 'Free' services still predominate on the Internet: some providers offer samples of free information as a taster for their charged services.Ex: Two swabs were collected from each woman, one by the gynaecologist and one by the woman.* análisis de una muestra representativa = cross-sectional analysis.* botón de muestra = showplace, just an/one example.* como muestra de agradecimiento = as a token of thanks.* como muestra de + Posesivo + agradecimiento = as a token of + Posesivo + appreciation.* como muestra de + Posesivo + gratitud = as a token of + Posesivo + gratitude.* dar muestras de = show + signs of.* error de la muestra = sampling error.* feria de muestras = trade show, trade fair.* formulario de muestra = sample form.* industria de las ferias de muestras = trade show industry.* muestra al azar = random sample.* muestra bióptica = biopsy specimen.* muestra de aprecio = mark of appreciation.* muestra de arte = art exhibit, art exhibition.* muestra de degustación = taster.* muestra de hielo = ice core.* muestra de interés = expression of interest.* muestra de sange = blood sample.* muestra probabilística = random sample.* muestra representativa = cross-section [cross section].* recogida de muestras = sampling.* sala de muestras = show room [showroom].* una muestra variada de = a mosaic of.* * *A1 (de mercancía) sampleuna muestra de tela a swatch o sample of materialmuestra gratuita or gratis free sampleestán de muestra, no se venden they're samples, they're not for salepara muestra (basta) un botón ( fam); for example, for instancees muy detallista, para muestra un botón: mira las flores que trajo he's very thoughtful, take the flowers he brought, for example o for instance ( colloq)2 (de sangre, orina) specimen, sample; (de tejido) sample3 (en labores) sample of work done ( to check tension etc)4 (en estadísticas) samplemuestra de población population sampleCompuestos:random sampleB(prueba, señal): te lo doy como or en muestra de mi gratitud I'm giving it to you as a token of my gratitudeeso es (una) muestra de falta de madurez that's a sign of immaturityesta visita la presentan como una muestra de su buena voluntad this visit is being presented as a demonstration of her goodwillno daba muestra alguna de cansancio she was showing no signs of tirednessC1 (exposición) exhibition, exhibit ( AmE)2 (de teatro, cine) festival* * *
Del verbo mostrar: ( conjugate mostrar)
muestra es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
mostrar
muestra
mostrar ( conjugate mostrar) verbo transitivo
to show;
mostrarse verbo pronominal (+ compl): se mostró muy atento con nosotros he was very obliging (to us);
se muestraon partidarios de la propuesta they expressed support for the proposal
muestra sustantivo femenino
1
2 (prueba, señal) sign;◊ una muestra de cansancio/falta de madurez a sign of tiredness/immaturity;
como or en muestra de mi gratitud as a token of my gratitude
3 ( exposición) exhibition, exhibit (AmE);
(de teatro, cine) festival
mostrar verbo transitivo to show: muéstrame el camino, show me the way
muestra sustantivo femenino
1 (de un producto, sustancia) sample, specimen
2 Estad sample
3 (gesto, demostración) sign: fue una muestra de generosidad, it was a sign of generosity
te doy esto como muestra de mi amor, I give you this as a token of my love
' muestra' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
botón
- destreza
- expresividad
- manifestación
- mimo
- mostrarse
- señal
- espécimen
- exposición
- indicación
- interesado
- modelo
English:
cross-section
- demo
- display
- foretaste
- lack
- pilot
- portfolio
- proficiency
- progress
- sample
- specimen
- taste
- come
- demonstration
- pattern
- show
- slide
- swab
- token
* * *muestra nf1. [cantidad representativa] sample;para muestra (basta) un botón one example is enough2. [de sangre, orina] sample3. [en estadística] samplemuestra aleatoria random sample;muestra piloto pilot sample;muestra representativa cross-section4. [señal] sign, show;[prueba] proof; [de cariño, aprecio] token;los recibieron con muestras de cariño they gave them an affectionate welcome;recibe este regalo como muestra de aprecio please accept this gift as a token of appreciation;dio claras muestras de alegría/enfado it was clear that she was happy/annoyed;este contrato supone una clara muestra de confianza en la empresa this contract is a clear indication of confidence in the company;existe nerviosismo, muestra de ello son las declaraciones del delegado there is some anxiety, as evidenced by the delegate's statements5. [modelo] model, pattern6. [exposición] show, exhibition* * *f2 ( señal) sign3 ( prueba) proof;como muestra, un botón for example4 ( modelo) model5 ( exposición) show* * *muestra nf1) : sample2) señal: sign, showuna muestra de respeto: a show of respect3) exposición: exhibition, exposition4) : pattern, model* * *muestra n1. (en general) sample2. (señal) sign3. (demostración) token -
13 poner de manifiesto
to make evident* * *(v.) = bring into + relief, highlight, show, state, throw into + relief, throw up, evince, illustrate, underscore, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], bring to + light, make + it + clear, lay + bare, provide + insight into, reveal, flag + Nombre + upEx. They can bring into relief differing conditions in member countries and they often lend weight to arguments for or against various policy options.Ex. In each case the object of the discussion will be to highlight what appear to be the significant aspects, particularly those concerning the background which affect the nature of the scheme.Ex. This shows a record in an abstracts based bibliographic data base.Ex. Short abstracts are generally preferred, but there are instances where the most effective approach is to cite the original unamended, and to state that this is what has been done.Ex. The employment of machines, far from replacing man, can serve to enhance his social value and status by throwing into relief those human tasks that machines cannot perform.Ex. Demands from clients will often throw up an occurrence of similar problems, revealing perhaps the operation of an injustice, the lack of an amenity in the neighbourhood, or simply bureaucratic inefficiency.Ex. New computer based technologies are evincing revolutionary changes in the educational curriculum for schools of library and information science.Ex. The presence of eggshells, faecal pellets, and silk threads in association with a mite-like animal illustrates a complex ecosystem.Ex. All I wanted to underscore with these four horror stories is that the judicious, discretionary assignment of added entries can either powerfully inhibit or promote access to the documents.Ex. Word processing packages must be able to permit the user to manipulate test, as is necessary in alignment of margins, insertion and deletion of paragraphs, arrange for text to appear in the centre of the page and underline.Ex. Analytical cataloguing aims to emphasise the content of documents, rather than relying entirely upon cataloguing whole works.Ex. Her editorial does an excellent job of bringing to light the issues facing libraries, authors, and library patrons regarding the possibility and desirability of a single international copyright law.Ex. Simple linking of Students and Attitudes would still not make it clear whether it was the attitudes 'of' or 'towards' Students.Ex. The aim of this article is to lay bare the causes of this state of affairs.Ex. This article reports the findings of an investigation which was conducted in order to determine if either the impact factor or the immediacy index provide useful insights into the qualitative relations among scientific journals.Ex. A study of the major general schemes reveals a wide gulf between theory, as outlined in the previous chapter, and practice, as reflected in the major schemes.Ex. If you spot an error then flag it up to your bank promptly and insist they take action to rectify it.* * *(v.) = bring into + relief, highlight, show, state, throw into + relief, throw up, evince, illustrate, underscore, underline, emphasise [emphasize, -USA], bring to + light, make + it + clear, lay + bare, provide + insight into, reveal, flag + Nombre + upEx: They can bring into relief differing conditions in member countries and they often lend weight to arguments for or against various policy options.
Ex: In each case the object of the discussion will be to highlight what appear to be the significant aspects, particularly those concerning the background which affect the nature of the scheme.Ex: This shows a record in an abstracts based bibliographic data base.Ex: Short abstracts are generally preferred, but there are instances where the most effective approach is to cite the original unamended, and to state that this is what has been done.Ex: The employment of machines, far from replacing man, can serve to enhance his social value and status by throwing into relief those human tasks that machines cannot perform.Ex: Demands from clients will often throw up an occurrence of similar problems, revealing perhaps the operation of an injustice, the lack of an amenity in the neighbourhood, or simply bureaucratic inefficiency.Ex: New computer based technologies are evincing revolutionary changes in the educational curriculum for schools of library and information science.Ex: The presence of eggshells, faecal pellets, and silk threads in association with a mite-like animal illustrates a complex ecosystem.Ex: All I wanted to underscore with these four horror stories is that the judicious, discretionary assignment of added entries can either powerfully inhibit or promote access to the documents.Ex: Word processing packages must be able to permit the user to manipulate test, as is necessary in alignment of margins, insertion and deletion of paragraphs, arrange for text to appear in the centre of the page and underline.Ex: Analytical cataloguing aims to emphasise the content of documents, rather than relying entirely upon cataloguing whole works.Ex: Her editorial does an excellent job of bringing to light the issues facing libraries, authors, and library patrons regarding the possibility and desirability of a single international copyright law.Ex: Simple linking of Students and Attitudes would still not make it clear whether it was the attitudes 'of' or 'towards' Students.Ex: The aim of this article is to lay bare the causes of this state of affairs.Ex: This article reports the findings of an investigation which was conducted in order to determine if either the impact factor or the immediacy index provide useful insights into the qualitative relations among scientific journals.Ex: A study of the major general schemes reveals a wide gulf between theory, as outlined in the previous chapter, and practice, as reflected in the major schemes.Ex: If you spot an error then flag it up to your bank promptly and insist they take action to rectify it. -
14 tener
v.1 to have.tengo un hermano I have o I've got a brothertener fiebre to have a temperaturetuvieron una pelea they had a fighttener un niño to have a baby¡que tengan buen viaje! have a good journey!tengo las vacaciones en agosto my holidays are in AugustYo tengo una casa I have a house.El carro tuvo un accidente The car had an accident.Esto tiene azúcar This has=is made of sugar.Yo tengo dos hijos I have=am the parent of two sons.Tengo un primo I have a cousin,Ella tuvo una gran idea She had a great idea.Yo tengo paperas I have=suffer from the mumps.Tengo un ataque de nervios I am having a nervous fit.Ella tiene su aprobación She has=meets with his approval.2 to be.tiene 3 metros de ancho it's 3 meters wide¿cuántos años tienes? how old are you?tiene diez años she's ten (years old)tener hambre/miedo to be hungry/afraidtener mal humor to be bad-temperedle tiene lástima he feels sorry for her3 to get (recibir) (mensaje, regalo, visita, sensación).tuve un verdadero desengaño I was really disappointedtendrá una sorpresa he'll get a surprise4 to hold.tenlo por el asa hold it by the handleElla tiene su bolso She holds her purse.5 to offer, to have.* * *Present IndicativePast IndicativeFuture IndicativeConditionalPresent SubjunctiveImperfect SubjunctiveFuture SubjunctiveImperative* * *verb1) to have2) hold3) own, possess4) feel•- tener que
- tenerse por* * *Para las expresiones como tener cuidado, tener ganas, tener suerte, tener de particular, tener en cuenta, ver la otra entrada.1. VERBO TRANSITIVOEl uso de got con el verbo have es más frecuente en inglés británico, pero solo se usa en el presente.1) (=poseer, disponer de) to have, have got¿tienes dinero? — do you have {o} have you got any money?
¿tienes un bolígrafo? — do you have {o} have you got a pen?
¿tiene usted permiso para esto? — do you have {o} have you got permission for this?
tiene un tío en Venezuela — he has an uncle in Venezuela, he's got an uncle in Venezuela
ahora no tengo tiempo — I don't have {o} I haven't got time now
2) [referido a aspecto, carácter] to have, have gottiene el pelo rubio — he has blond hair, he's got blond hair
tiene la nariz aguileña — she has an aquiline nose, she's got an aquiline nose
3) [referido a edad] to be¿cuántos años tienes? — how old are you?
4) [referido a ocupaciones] to have, have gottenemos clase de inglés a las 11 — we have an English class at 11, we've got an English class at 11
el lunes tenemos una reunión — we're having a meeting on Monday, we've got a meeting on Monday
5) (=parir) to have6) (=medir) to be7) (=sentir) + sustantivo to be + adjtener hambre/sed/calor/frío — to be hungry/thirsty/hot/cold
8) (=padecer, sufrir) to haveLuis tiene la gripe — Luis has {o} has got flu
tengo fiebre — I have {o} I've got a (high) temperature
¿qué tienes? — what's the matter with you?, what's wrong with you?
9) (=sostener) to holdtenía el pasaporte en la mano — he had his passport in his hand, he was holding his passport in his hand
tenme el vaso un momento, por favor — hold my glass for me for a moment, please
¡ten!, ¡aquí tienes! — here you are!
10) (=recibir) to have¿has tenido noticias suyas? — have you heard from her?
11) (=pensar, considerar)•
tener [a bien] hacer algo — to see fit to do sth•
tener a algn [en] algo, te tendrán en más estima — they will hold you in higher esteem•
tener a algn [por] — + adj to consider sb (to be) + adj•
ten por [seguro] que... — rest assured that...12) tener algo que ({+ infin})tengo trabajo que hacer — I have {o} I've got work to do
no tengo nada que hacer — I have {o} I've got nothing to do
eso no tiene nada que ver — that has {o} that's got nothing to do with it
13) [locuciones]•
¡[ahí] lo tienes! — there you are!, there you have it!•
tener algo [de] + adj —¿qué tiene de malo? — what's wrong with that?
•
tenerlo [difícil] — to find it difficult•
tenerlo [fácil] — to have it easy- ¿conque esas tenemos?no las tengo todas conmigo de que lo haga — I'm none too sure that he'll do it, I'm not entirely sure that he'll do it
2. VERBO AUXILIAR1) tener que ({+ infin})a) [indicando obligación]tengo que comprarlo — I have to {o} I've got to buy it, I must buy it
tenemos que marcharnos — we have to {o} we've got to go, we must be going
tienen que aumentarte el sueldo — they have to {o} they've got to give you a rise
b) [indicando suposición, probabilidad]¡tienes que estar cansadísima! — you must be really tired!
tiene que dolerte mucho ¿no? — it must hurt a lot, doesn't it?
c) [en reproches]¡tendrías que haberlo dicho antes! — you should have said so before!
¡tendría que darte vergüenza! — you should be ashamed of yourself!
¡tú tenías que ser! — it would be you!, it had to be you!
d) [en sugerencias, recomendaciones]2) + participio3) + adjme tiene perplejo la falta de noticias — the lack of news is puzzling, I am puzzled by the lack of news
4) esp Méx (=llevar)tienen tres meses de no cobrar — they haven't been paid for three months, it's three months since they've been paid
3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo [El uso de 'got' en frases como 'I've got a new dress' está mucho más extendido en el inglés británico que en el americano. Éste prefiere la forma 'I have a new dress']1) (poseer, disponer de) <dinero/trabajo/tiempo> to have¿tienen hijos? — do they have any children?, have they got any children?
no tenemos pan — we don't have any bread, we haven't got any bread
aquí tienes al culpable — here's o this is the culprit
¿conque ésas tenemos? — so that's the way things are, is it?
2)a) ( llevar encima) to have¿tiene hora? — have you got the time?
b) ( llevar puesto) to be wearing3) (hablando de actividades, obligaciones) to havetengo invitados a cenar — I have o I've got some people coming to dinner
tener... que + inf — to have... to + inf
tengo cosas que hacer — I have o I've got things to do
4)a) (señalando características, atributos) to havetiene el pelo largo — she has o she's got long hair
la casa tiene mucha luz — the house is very light o gets a lot of light
¿y eso qué tiene de malo? — and what's so bad about that?
le lleva 15 años - ¿y eso qué tiene? — (AmL fam) she's 15 years older than he is - so what does that matter?
b) ( expresando edad)¿cuántos años tienes? — how old are you?
c) ( con idea de posibilidad)5) ( dar a luz) <bebé/gemelos> to have6) (sujetar, sostener) to hold7) ( tomar)ten la llave — take o here's the key
8) ( recibir) to have9)a) ( sentir)tengo hambre/sueño/frío — I'm hungry/tired/cold
tengo el placer de... — it gives me great pleasure to...
¿qué tienes? — what's wrong?, what's the matter?
b) (refiriéndose a síntomas, enfermedades) to havetengo dolor de cabeza — I have o I've got a headache
c) (refiriéndose a experiencias, sucesos) to have10) ( refiriéndose a actitudes)ten paciencia/cuidado — be patient/careful
11) (indicando estado, situación) (+ compl)lo tiene dominado — she has him under her thumb
12) ( considerar)2.tener algo/a alguien por algo: se lo tiene por el mejor he/it is considered (to be) the best; siempre lo tuve por tímido I always thought he was shy; ten por seguro que lo hará — you can be sure he'll do it
tener v aux1)a) (expresando obligación, necesidad)tener que + inf — to have (got) to + inf
tengo que estudiar hoy — I have to o I must study today
b) (expresando propósito, recomendación)tener que + inf: tenemos que ir a verla we must go and see her; tengo que hacer ejercicio I must get some exercise; tendrías que llamarlo — you should ring him
2) ( expresando certeza)tener que + inf: tiene que estar en este cajón it must be in this drawer; tiene que haber sido él it must have been him; tú tenías que ser! — it had to be you!
3) ( con participio pasado)¿tiene previsto asistir? — do you plan to attend?
tengo entendido que sí viene — I understand he is coming
4) (AmL) ( en expresiones de tiempo)3.tenerse v pron1) ( sostenerse)no tenerse de sueño — to be dead o asleep on one's feet
2) (refl) ( considerarse)tenerse por algo: se tiene por muy inteligente — he considers himself to be very intelligent
* * *= bear, contain, have, hold, own, carry, have got, have + in place, live with, have at + Posesivo + disposal, possess.Ex. Use a uniform title for an entry if the item bears a title proper that differs from the uniform title.Ex. The label contains information about the record, indicating, for instance, its length, status, for example, new, amended, type and class.Ex. Many of the aspects of the indexing process including, in particular, term selection and search logic have common features.Ex. If the search is made with a call number, a summary of copies with that call number which are held by the library is first displayed.Ex. For example, a person can consult the system holdings files to find out whether a library in the network owns a copy of the document.Ex. Europe Environment carries useful reports on the activities of the lobby groups in the environmental, consumer protection and research fields.Ex. Typical examples of enquiries of this kind that could be satisfied within minutes in any decently stocked library are ' Have you got anything on organising weddings?' 'Can you find me something on the history of paddle-steamers?'.Ex. The first country to have in place an operational domestic geostationary satellite communications system was Canada.Ex. Medical advances are improving the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS, while prevention remains the key to stopping the spread of this disease.Ex. But this would require time and competencies, which not all policy makers have at their disposal.Ex. Not every index necessarily exhibits all the features of either of these types of indexing systems, and indeed, some will possess elements of both types of systems.----* acabar teniendo = end up with.* acontecimiento + tener lugar = occurrence + take place.* a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.* aquí tiene(s) = here is/are.* a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.* cambio + tener lugar = change + take place.* curso que tiene lugar fuera de la universidad = extension course, off-campus course.* dar gracias por lo que Uno tiene = count + Posesivo + blessings.* del que se tiene constancia = recorded.* demostrar que se tiene razón = prove + Posesivo + point.* el cliente siempre tiene la razón = the customer is always right.* empezar a tener dudas = get + cold feet.* empezar a tener sentido = become + meaningful.* estudiar + Nombre + teniendo en cuenta + Nombre = place + Nombre + against the background of + Nombre.* hacer que tenga más valor = put + a premium on.* hombre que tiene mucho mundo = a man of the world.* lo que tenga que pasar, que pase = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.* lo que tenga que ser, será = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.* mujer que tiene mucho mundo = a woman of the world.* necesitarse tener en cuenta = need + consideration.* negar tener relación con = disclaim + connection with.* no querer tener nada que ver con = want + nothing to do with.* no tener alternativa = have + no choice.* no tener apetito = be off + Posesivo + food, be off + Posesivo + oats.* no tener constancia de Algo = unrecorded.* no tener donde caerse muerto = not have two pennies to rub together.* no tener dos dedos de frente = as thick as a brick, as thick as two (short) planks, as daft as a brush.* no tener dos dedos de frnete = knucklehead.* no tener en cuenta = disregard, overlook, skip over, be oblivious of/to, close + the door on, leave + Nombre + out of the picture, fly in + the face of, drop + Nombre + out of the picture.* no tener errores = be error-free.* no tener éxito = come up with + nothing, prove + unsuccessful, be unsuccessful.* no tener fin = there + be + no end to.* no tener fronteras = have + no boundaries.* no tener fundamento = be unfounded.* no tener ganas = can't/couldn't be bothered, can't/couldn't be bothered.* no tener ganas de comer = be off + Posesivo + food, be off + Posesivo + oats.* no tener hijos = be childless.* no tener hogar = be homeless.* no tener idea = have + no clue, have + no idea.* no tener idea de = be clueless about, have + no understanding of.* no tener importancia = be of no importance, make + no difference, be of no consequence.* no tener información = be undocumented.* no tener la más mínima idea sobre Algo = Negativo + have + the foggiest idea.* no tener la menor importancia = be of no particular concern.* no tener la necesidad de usar Algo = have + no use for.* no tener la obligación de = be under no obligation.* no tener la preparación = be untrained.* no tener límite = have + no limit.* no tener límites = be boundless.* no tener lugar = fall through.* no tener más alternativa que = have + no other option but.* no tener más opción que = have + little choice but, have + no other option but.* no tener más remedio que = be stuck with, be left with the need to, get + stuck with.* no tener nada en contra de = have + no quarrel with, have + nothing against.* no tener nada en contra de Algo = have + no quarrel about + Nombre.* no tener nada que perder = have + nothing to lose.* no tener nada que ver con = be irrelevant to.* no tener ni idea sobre Algo = not know the first thing about.* no tener ni la más mínima posibilidad = not to have a prayer.* no tener ni la más remota posibilidad = not to have a prayer.* no tener ningún escrúpulo en = have + no qualms about.* no tener ningún fundamento = not have a leg to stand on.* no tener ningún interés = can't/couldn't be bothered.* no tener ningún problema con = be okay with.* no tener ningún remilgo en = have + no qualms about.* no tener ningún reparo = have + no qualms about.* no tener ni pies ni cabeza = be pointless.* no tener ni punto de comparación = be in a different league.* no tener ni puta idea = not get + Posesivo + shit together.* no tener ni puta idea sobre Algo = not know the first thing about.* no tener ni un pelo de tonto = there are no flies (on/about) + Pronombre.* no tener ni voz ni voto en = have + no say in.* no tener noticias es buena señal = no news is good news.* no tener opción = have + no choice.* no tener otra alternativa = have + no choice.* no tener otra alternativa que = have + no other option but.* no tener otra opción = have + no choice.* no tener otra opción que = have + no other option but.* no tener otro objetivo que el de = have + no other purpose than.* no tener otro sitio donde recurrir = have + nowhere else to turn.* no tener parangón = be unequalled, be without peer.* no tener pelos en la lengua = call + a spade a spade.* no tener posibilidades = be dead meat.* no tener prejuicios = be open-minded.* no tener presente = be oblivious of/to.* no tener que ir muy lejos = not have to look far.* no tener razón = be wrong.* no tener razón de ser + Infinitivo = there + be + no sense in + Gerundio.* no tener reparos = make + no bones about + Algo.* no tener reparos en admitir que = make + no bones about + Algo.* no tener representación = be unrepresented.* no tener respuesta = be unanswerable.* no tener rival = be second to none.* no tener rumbo = lose + Posesivo + way.* no tener salida = be stuck, get + stuck.* no tenerse en pie = Negativo + hold + water.* no tener sentido = be meaningless, be pointless, be senseless.* no tener sentido el + Infinitivo = there + be + no point in + Gerundio.* no tener sentido + Infinitivo = there + be + little point in + Gerundio, there + be + no sense in + Gerundio.* no tener suerte = be out of luck.* no tener tiempo de nada = have + not a moment to spare.* no tener trabajo = be unemployed.* no tener trascendencia = be of no consequence.* no tener un duro = not have a bean.* no tener valor = be valueless.* no tener vida privada = like being in a (gold)fish bowl.* no terminar nunca de tener problemas con = have + no end of problems with.* ¡Ojalá tuviera...! = I wish I had....* ¡Ojalá tuviese...! = I wish I had....* parece tener poco sentido que = there + seem + little point in.* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.* que no tiene compensación = non-compensatory [noncompensatory].* que no tiene precio = priceless.* que pase lo que tenga que pasar = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.* que tiene lugar una vez a la semana = once-weekly.* que tiene precio = priced.* que tiene sentido = meaningful.* que tiene solución = solvable.* revista que tiene una gran demanda popular = mass-market journal.* sin tener = in the absence of.* sin tener en cuenta = never mind, without regard to, independently of, disregarding, not including.* sin tener en cuenta el hecho de que = overlook + the fact that.* sin tener que recurrir a = without recourse to.* tenemos intereses en ambas partes = our feet are in both worlds.* tener a Alguien metido en un puño = have + Nombre + under + Posesivo + thumb.* tener a cargo de uno = have + as + Posesivo + charge.* tener acceso a información confidencial = be on the inside.* tener acuerdos con = have + deals with.* tener afinidades = share + common ground.* tener aire acondiconado = be air-conditioned.* tener a la disposición de Uno = have at + Posesivo + disposal.* tener al alcance = have at + Posesivo + touch.* tener Algo al alcance = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + fingertips.* tener algo a mano = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + fingertips.* tener + Algo + a + Posesivo + entera disposición = have + the run of the + Nombre.* tener Algo bajo el control de Uno = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + command.* tener Algo claro = clarify + Posesivo + mind.* tener Algo en común = have + Nombre + in common, share + Nombre + in common.* tener algo en contra de = have + something against.* tener Algo fácilmente accesible = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + fingertips.* tener Algo hecho a la medida de uno = have + Nombre + cut out.* tener algo muy vivo en la mente de uno = be strong in + mind.* tener algo que decir sobre = have + a say in.* tener algo que ver con = have + something to do with.* tener algo reservado = have + something up + Posesivo + sleeve.* tener alguna incidencia en = have + some bearing on.* tener alguna posibilidad = have + a fighting chance.* tener alguna posibilidad de triunfar = have + a fighting chance.* tener alguna relevancia para = have + some bearing on.* tener alucinaciones = hallucinate.* tener a mano = have at + Posesivo + touch, have + on call, have + to hand, keep within + reach, be to hand.* tener ansias de = crave, crave for.* tener antecedentes de = have + a track record of.* tener antojo de = crave, crave for.* tener a + Posesivo + cargo = have + in + Posesivo + charge.* tener aspecto = look.* tener atrasos = be in arrears.* tener aversión a = have + aversion to.* tener beneficios = have + benefits.* tener buena mano con las plantas = have + a green thumb, have + green fingers.* tener buen apetito = have + a good appetite.* tener buenas intenciones = be well-intentioned, mean + well.* tener buenas perspectivas para = be well-placed to.* tener buen ojo para juzgar a la gente = be a good judge of character.* tener bulla = be in a hurry.* tener cabida para = hold, accommodate, include, take.* tener calentura = have + a temperature, have + a fever.* tener características en común = share + similarities.* tener cara de muerto = look like + death warmed (over/up).* tener carencias = find + wanting.* tener carta blanca = have + carte-blanche.* tener causa justificada = have + good cause.* tener cautela = proceed + with caution.* tener celos = feel + jealous.* tener claro = be clear in your mind.* tener coherencia = cohere.* tener cólicos = be colicky.* tener como consecuencia = result (in).* tener como equivalente = have + counterpart.* tener como motivo central = plan around + Nombre.* tener como objetivo = have + as + Posesivo + objective, be in business for.* tener como sede = headquarter (at/in).* tener compasión de = have + compassion for.* tener conocimiento de = be privy to, be aware of.* tener consecuencias = have + consequences.* tener consecuencias en = have + implication for.* tener consecuencias negativas = backfire.* tener contacto = have + contact.* tener contactos = liaise (with/between).* tener controlado a Alguien = have + Nombre + on the run.* tener control sobre = have + hold on.* tener coraje = pluck up + courage, gather up + courage.* tener correlación con = bear + correlation with.* tener correspondencia = bear + correspondence (to).* tener cosas en común = share + common ground.* tener cualidades + Adjetivo = be of + Adjetivo + quality.* tener cuidado = exercise + care, exercise + caution, proceed + with caution, watch out, take + caution.* tener cuidado con = watch for, beware (of/that), look out for, be wary of.* tener cuidado con lo que se dice = say + the right thing.* tener cuidado con lo que Uno dice = watch + Posesivo + mouth, watch what + say.* tener cuidado de = be careful, be chary of, take + (great) pains to.* tener cuidado (de que) = take + care (that).* tener cultivos = grow + crops.* tener debilidad por = have + a soft spot for.* tener delante = have + before.* tener demasiada prisa = be in too much of a hurry, be in too much of a rush.* tener derecho a = be entitled to, have + a right to, entitle to, have + the right to, have + a say in.* tener derecho a expresar + Posesivo + opinión = be entitled to + Posesivo + own opinion.* tener derecho de paso = have + the right of way.* tener dificultad = struggle, experience + difficulty, be hard pressed.* tener dificultad de + Infinitivo = have + difficulty + Gerundio, have + difficulty in + Gerundio.* tener dificultad en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.* tener dificultades = have + a hard time, have + a tough time.* tener dinero a punta pala = roll in + Dinero.* tener dominado a Alguien = have + Nombre + on the run.* tener dudas = be doubtful, have + misgivings, have + reservations (about), be suspicious.* tener dudas sobre = be ambivalent about.* tener efecto = take + effect, have + effect.* tener efecto sobre = impinge on/upon.* tener el atrevimiento de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener el corazón de un león = have + the heart of a lion.* tener el deber de = have + a responsibility to.* tener el derecho de = have + the right to.* tener el descaro de = have + the gall to, have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener el destino de = suffer + the fate of.* tener el estatus profesional de + Nombre = have + Nombre + status.* tener el gusto de = take + pleasure.* tener el hábito de = have + the habit of.* tener el honor de = have + the honour of.* tener el lujo = have + luxury.* tener el mando = rule + the roost.* tener el mejor aspecto posible = look + Posesivo + best.* tener el mismo destino = suffer + the same fate.* tener el mono = suffer from + withdrawal symptoms.* tener el placer de = take + pleasure.* tener el plazo cumplido = be due.* tener el plazo vencido = be overdue.* tener el poder = be the boss, call + the shots, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* tener el poder de = have + the power to.* tener el toque mágico = have + the magic touch.* tener el valor = have + the courage.* tener el valor de = have + the guts to, have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener en común = hold in + common, tread + common ground.* tener en común con = partake (in/of).* tener en consideración = take into + consideration, take into + consideration.* tener en cuenta = allow for, bear in + mind, cater for/to, consider (as), heed, make + allowances, take + account of, take + cognisance of, take + cognition of, take into + account, take into + consideration, make + provision for, bring into + play, give + an ear to, factor, have + regard for, factor in, be aware of, note, keep in + mind.* tener en cuenta las posibilidades de Algo = consider + possibilities.* tener en cuenta un punto de vista = take into + account + viewpoint, contemplate + view.* tener en funcionamiento = have + in effect.* tener en gran estima = have + a very high regard for.* tener en mente = bear in + mind, have + in mind, keep in + mind.* tener en observación = hold under + observation, keep under + observation.* tener en reserva = hold in + reserve.* tener entre manos = be up to.* tener envidia de = envy.* tener errores = be flawed.* tener éxito = achieve + success, be successful, get + anywhere, meet + success, prove + successful, succeed, attain + appeal, be a success, find + success, come up + trumps, prove + trumps, take off, meet with + success, hit + the big time, be popular, go + strong.* tener éxito en el mundo = succeed in + the world.* tener éxito en la vida = succeed in + life, get on in + life.* tener expectativas = hold + expectations, have + expectations.* tener experiencia = have + experience.* tener fácilmente accesible = have at + Posesivo + touch.* tener fallos = be flawed.* tener fe = have + faith (in).* tener fe en = have + faith (in).* tener fiebre = have + a temperature, have + a fever.* tener fijación por = be hipped (on/to), get hipped (on/to).* tener flatulencia = pass + gas, break + wind, pass + wind.* tener forma + Adjetivo = be + Adjetivo + in shape.* tener frenillo = lisp.* tener fundamento para pensar que = have + reason to believe that.* tener futuro = have + potential, there + be + a future for/in, have + a future.* tener ganada la mitad de la batalla = be half the battle.* tener ganada sólo la mitad de la batalla = be only half the battle.* tener ganas de = be keen to, have + an/the inclination to.* tener ganas de + Infinitivo = feel like + Gerundio.* tener gancho = be engaging.* tener gastos = incur + costs.* tener gastos generales = incur + overheads.* tener gran éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.* tener gran importancia = be of high significance.* tener gran repercusión = be far reaching.* tener hambre = be hungry, feel + hungry.* tener hambre después del esfuerzo = work up + an appetite.* tener hijos = father + children, have + children.* tener hipo = hiccup.* tener horario ajustado = be under time constraint.* tener horror a = loathe, hate.* tener idea = have + a clue.* tener impacto = make + impact.* tener impacto (sobre) = have + impact (on).* tener implicaciones para = have + implication for.* tener importancia = carry + weight, have + high profile, be of consequence.* tener indigestión = have + indigestion.* tener influencias = have + pull.* tener influencia sobre = have + hold on.* tener iniciativa = be proactive.* tener intereses en = have + a stake in.* tener intereses en juego = have + invested.* tener interés por = have + an interest in.* tener interés por/en = be interested in.* tener inventiva = be inventive.* tener jurisdicción = have + jurisdiction (over).* tener la autoridad = have + mandate.* tener la bragueta abierta = fly + be undone.* tener la capacidad de = have + the potential (to/for).* tener la cara de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la cara descompuesta = look like + death warmed (over/up).* tener la categoría profesional de + Nombre = hold + Nombre + rank, have + Nombre + rank, enjoy + Nombre + rank.* tener la certeza de = feel + confident.* tener la certeza de que = rest + assured that.* tener la conciencia limpia = have + a clear conscience.* tener la conciencia tranquila = have + a clear conscience.* tener la convicción = it + be + Posesivo + understanding.* tener la costumbre de = have + a habit of, have + the habit of.* tener la costumbre de + Infinitivo = be in the habit of + Gerundio.* tener la cuenta bancaria = bank.* tener la culpa (por/de) = be at fault (for/to).* tener la culpa de Algo que se ha causado Uno mismo = be of + Posesivo + own making.* tener la desfachatez de = have + the gall to, have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la desvergüenza de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la doble función = double as, double up as.* tener la facultad de = have + powers to.* tener la fama de = have + a good record for.* tener la fecha de + Fecha = be dated + Fecha.* tener la frescura de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la función de = be in the business of.* tener la impresión = have + the impression, get + the impression.* tener la impresión de que = get + the feeling that.* tener la intención de = be intended to, intend, mean.* tener la intención de + Infinitivo = set out to + Infinitivo.* tener la libertad de = be at liberty to, feel + free to.* tener la libertard de/para = have + the latitude to.* tener la malafortuna de = have + the misfortune to.* tener la mirada perdida = stare into + space, gaze into + space.* tener la misma importancia = carry + equal weight.* tener la obligación de = be under the obligation to.* tener la ocasión de = have + opportunity to.* tener la oficina central en = headquarter (at/in).* tener la opinión = it + be + Posesivo + understanding.* tener la oportunidad = have + the opportunity.* tener la oportunidad de = get + (a/the) + chance to, have + opportunity to, get + a chance to.* tener la osadía de = have + the gall to, have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la paciencia del santo Job = have + the patience of Job.* tener la paciencia de un santo = have + the patience of a saint.* tener la posibilidad de = have + chance.* tener la potestad = have + mandate.* tener la potestad de = have + the power to, have + the right to.* tener lapsus = have + lapses.* tener la reputación de ser = be well known for.* tener la responsabilidad = charge, undertake + burden.* tener la responsabilidad de = have + the responsibility of.* tener la sartén por el mango = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* tener la seguridad de = have + the security of.* tener la seguridad de que = rest + assured that.* tener la sensación de que = have + a gut feeling that.* tener las mismas prerrogativas = have + an equal voice in.* tener las riendas de = hold + the reins of.* tener las riendas del poder = hold + the reins of power.* tener lástima = pity.* tener lástima de = take + pity on.* tener la tentación de = be tempted to.* tener la última palabra = have + the ultimate say, have + the final say, call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* tener la vista cansada = need + reading glasses.* tenerle manía a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* tenerle rabia a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* tenerle tirria a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* tener libertad = have + freedom.* tener libertad sobre = have + wide discretion over.* tenerlo crudo = not be easy.* tenerlo difícil = not be easy, not be easy.* tenerlo duro = not be easy.* tenerlo fácil = have + an easy ride.* tener lo mejor de ambos mundos = have + the best of both worlds.* tener lo mejor de los dos mundos = have + the best of both worlds.* tener lo que hace falta = have + what it takes.* tener lo que hay que tener = have + what it takes.* tener lo que se necesita = have + what it takes.* tener los días contados = day + be + numbered, be doomed, doomed, be dead meat, the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.* tener los nervios de punta = have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.* tener los nervios en el estómago = have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.* tener los pies firmemente en el suelo = feet + be + firmly planted on the ground.* tenerlo todo = have + the best of both worlds.* tenerlo todo hecho = have + an easy ride.* tener lugar = take + place, go on, come to + pass.* tener madera de = be cut out for.* tener mala fama por = hold in + disrepute, be infamous for.* tener malas conexiones con = have + poor connections with.* tener malas intenciones = be up to no good, get up to + no good.* tener mal de amores = be lovesick.* tener mal ojo para juzgar a la gente = be a bad judge of character.* tener más paciencia que el santo Job = have + the patience of Job.* tener más paciencia que un santo = have + the patience of a saint.* tener mérito = be meritorious.* tener miedo = be afraid, be in fear, frighten.* tener miedo a = be scared of.* tener miedo a Alguien = regard + Nombre + with fear.* tener motivo = be right.* tener motivo justificado = have + good cause.* tener motivo para = have + cause to.* tener movilidad = be mobile.* tener mucha distancia que recorrer = have + a long way to go.* tener mucha ilusión = be thrilled.* tener mucha personalidad = be full of character.* tener mucho camino que recorrer = have + a long way to go.* tener mucho carácter = be full of character.* tener mucho cuidado = be extra vigilant.* tener mucho éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.* tener mucho interés en = have + a high stake in.* tener mucho interés por = be keen to.* tener mucho que ver con = have + a great deal to do with.* tener mucho tiempo libre = have + plenty of time to spare.* tener muy mala cara = look like + death warmed (over/up).* tener niños = have + children.* tener + Nombre = be not without + Nombre.* tener noticias de = hear from.* tener + Número + Período de Tiempo = be + Período de Tiempo + old.* tener obligación = have + obligation.* tener obsesión con = be hipped (on/to), get hipped (on/to).* tener ojeras = have + bags under + Posesivo + eyes.* tener ojos en la nuca = have + eyes in the back of + Posesivo + head.* tener opinión = take + view.* tener paciencia = be patient.* tener paciencia con = bear with + Pronombre.* tener palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.* tener paralelo = have + parallel.* tener pelos en la lengua = mince + words.* tener pérdidas = make + a loss.* tener perplejo = stump.* tener plena conciencia de = be fully aware of.* tener poca información = be information poor.* tener pocas luces = as thick as a brick, as thick as two (short) planks, as daft as a brush, knucklehead.* tener pocas posibilidades de = have + little recourse.* tener poco que ver = have + little to do.* tener poco valor = be of little value.* tener por costumbre + Infinitivo = be in the habit of + Gerundio.* tener por término medio = average.* tener posibilidades = stand + chance, be in with a chance.* tener potencial = have + potential.* tener precaución de = be chary of.* tener precedencia = take + priority.* tener preferencia = be preferential, have + the right of way.* tener preferencia (sobre) = take + precedence (over).* tener presente = be mindful of/that, bear in + mind, consider (as), keep in + focus, keep in + mind, make + consideration, mind, make + provision for, have + regard for, be aware of.* tener presente las posibilidades de Algo = consider + possibilities.* tener prioridad = trump.* tener prisa = be in a hurry.* tener problema con Algo = experience + trouble with.* tener problemas = have + problems.* tener problemas con = fall + foul of, run + afoul of problems, run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.* tener problemas con la ley = fall + foul of the law, go + afoul of the law, fall + afoul of the law.* tener programado su comienzo = be scheduled to start.* tener programado su finalización = be scheduled for completion.* tener pros y contras = be a mixed blessing.* tener que = have to, hafta [have to].* tener que aguantar Algo = be stuck with, get + stuck with.* tener que arreglárselas solo = leave (up) to + Posesivo + own resources, leave to + Posesivo + own devices.* tener que cargar con = be stuck with, saddle with, get + stuck with.* tener que cargar con el peso de = be burdened with.* tener que cargar con el peso de la tradición = be burdened with + tradition.* tener que competir con = face + competition from.* tener + que felicitar a Alguien = have to hand it to + Nombre.* tener que ocurrir = be boun.* * *1.verbo transitivo [El uso de 'got' en frases como 'I've got a new dress' está mucho más extendido en el inglés británico que en el americano. Éste prefiere la forma 'I have a new dress']1) (poseer, disponer de) <dinero/trabajo/tiempo> to have¿tienen hijos? — do they have any children?, have they got any children?
no tenemos pan — we don't have any bread, we haven't got any bread
aquí tienes al culpable — here's o this is the culprit
¿conque ésas tenemos? — so that's the way things are, is it?
2)a) ( llevar encima) to have¿tiene hora? — have you got the time?
b) ( llevar puesto) to be wearing3) (hablando de actividades, obligaciones) to havetengo invitados a cenar — I have o I've got some people coming to dinner
tener... que + inf — to have... to + inf
tengo cosas que hacer — I have o I've got things to do
4)a) (señalando características, atributos) to havetiene el pelo largo — she has o she's got long hair
la casa tiene mucha luz — the house is very light o gets a lot of light
¿y eso qué tiene de malo? — and what's so bad about that?
le lleva 15 años - ¿y eso qué tiene? — (AmL fam) she's 15 years older than he is - so what does that matter?
b) ( expresando edad)¿cuántos años tienes? — how old are you?
c) ( con idea de posibilidad)5) ( dar a luz) <bebé/gemelos> to have6) (sujetar, sostener) to hold7) ( tomar)ten la llave — take o here's the key
8) ( recibir) to have9)a) ( sentir)tengo hambre/sueño/frío — I'm hungry/tired/cold
tengo el placer de... — it gives me great pleasure to...
¿qué tienes? — what's wrong?, what's the matter?
b) (refiriéndose a síntomas, enfermedades) to havetengo dolor de cabeza — I have o I've got a headache
c) (refiriéndose a experiencias, sucesos) to have10) ( refiriéndose a actitudes)ten paciencia/cuidado — be patient/careful
11) (indicando estado, situación) (+ compl)lo tiene dominado — she has him under her thumb
12) ( considerar)2.tener algo/a alguien por algo: se lo tiene por el mejor he/it is considered (to be) the best; siempre lo tuve por tímido I always thought he was shy; ten por seguro que lo hará — you can be sure he'll do it
tener v aux1)a) (expresando obligación, necesidad)tener que + inf — to have (got) to + inf
tengo que estudiar hoy — I have to o I must study today
b) (expresando propósito, recomendación)tener que + inf: tenemos que ir a verla we must go and see her; tengo que hacer ejercicio I must get some exercise; tendrías que llamarlo — you should ring him
2) ( expresando certeza)tener que + inf: tiene que estar en este cajón it must be in this drawer; tiene que haber sido él it must have been him; tú tenías que ser! — it had to be you!
3) ( con participio pasado)¿tiene previsto asistir? — do you plan to attend?
tengo entendido que sí viene — I understand he is coming
4) (AmL) ( en expresiones de tiempo)3.tenerse v pron1) ( sostenerse)no tenerse de sueño — to be dead o asleep on one's feet
2) (refl) ( considerarse)tenerse por algo: se tiene por muy inteligente — he considers himself to be very intelligent
* * *= bear, contain, have, hold, own, carry, have got, have + in place, live with, have at + Posesivo + disposal, possess.Ex: Use a uniform title for an entry if the item bears a title proper that differs from the uniform title.
Ex: The label contains information about the record, indicating, for instance, its length, status, for example, new, amended, type and class.Ex: Many of the aspects of the indexing process including, in particular, term selection and search logic have common features.Ex: If the search is made with a call number, a summary of copies with that call number which are held by the library is first displayed.Ex: For example, a person can consult the system holdings files to find out whether a library in the network owns a copy of the document.Ex: Europe Environment carries useful reports on the activities of the lobby groups in the environmental, consumer protection and research fields.Ex: Typical examples of enquiries of this kind that could be satisfied within minutes in any decently stocked library are ' Have you got anything on organising weddings?' 'Can you find me something on the history of paddle-steamers?'.Ex: The first country to have in place an operational domestic geostationary satellite communications system was Canada.Ex: Medical advances are improving the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS, while prevention remains the key to stopping the spread of this disease.Ex: But this would require time and competencies, which not all policy makers have at their disposal.Ex: Not every index necessarily exhibits all the features of either of these types of indexing systems, and indeed, some will possess elements of both types of systems.* acabar teniendo = end up with.* acontecimiento + tener lugar = occurrence + take place.* a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.* aquí tiene(s) = here is/are.* a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.* cambio + tener lugar = change + take place.* curso que tiene lugar fuera de la universidad = extension course, off-campus course.* dar gracias por lo que Uno tiene = count + Posesivo + blessings.* del que se tiene constancia = recorded.* demostrar que se tiene razón = prove + Posesivo + point.* el cliente siempre tiene la razón = the customer is always right.* empezar a tener dudas = get + cold feet.* empezar a tener sentido = become + meaningful.* estudiar + Nombre + teniendo en cuenta + Nombre = place + Nombre + against the background of + Nombre.* hacer que tenga más valor = put + a premium on.* hombre que tiene mucho mundo = a man of the world.* lo que tenga que pasar, que pase = que sera sera, what's meant to be, will be, whatever will be, will be.* lo que tenga que ser, será = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.* mujer que tiene mucho mundo = a woman of the world.* necesitarse tener en cuenta = need + consideration.* negar tener relación con = disclaim + connection with.* no querer tener nada que ver con = want + nothing to do with.* no tener alternativa = have + no choice.* no tener apetito = be off + Posesivo + food, be off + Posesivo + oats.* no tener constancia de Algo = unrecorded.* no tener donde caerse muerto = not have two pennies to rub together.* no tener dos dedos de frente = as thick as a brick, as thick as two (short) planks, as daft as a brush.* no tener dos dedos de frnete = knucklehead.* no tener en cuenta = disregard, overlook, skip over, be oblivious of/to, close + the door on, leave + Nombre + out of the picture, fly in + the face of, drop + Nombre + out of the picture.* no tener errores = be error-free.* no tener éxito = come up with + nothing, prove + unsuccessful, be unsuccessful.* no tener fin = there + be + no end to.* no tener fronteras = have + no boundaries.* no tener fundamento = be unfounded.* no tener ganas = can't/couldn't be bothered, can't/couldn't be bothered.* no tener ganas de comer = be off + Posesivo + food, be off + Posesivo + oats.* no tener hijos = be childless.* no tener hogar = be homeless.* no tener idea = have + no clue, have + no idea.* no tener idea de = be clueless about, have + no understanding of.* no tener importancia = be of no importance, make + no difference, be of no consequence.* no tener información = be undocumented.* no tener la más mínima idea sobre Algo = Negativo + have + the foggiest idea.* no tener la menor importancia = be of no particular concern.* no tener la necesidad de usar Algo = have + no use for.* no tener la obligación de = be under no obligation.* no tener la preparación = be untrained.* no tener límite = have + no limit.* no tener límites = be boundless.* no tener lugar = fall through.* no tener más alternativa que = have + no other option but.* no tener más opción que = have + little choice but, have + no other option but.* no tener más remedio que = be stuck with, be left with the need to, get + stuck with.* no tener nada en contra de = have + no quarrel with, have + nothing against.* no tener nada en contra de Algo = have + no quarrel about + Nombre.* no tener nada que perder = have + nothing to lose.* no tener nada que ver con = be irrelevant to.* no tener ni idea sobre Algo = not know the first thing about.* no tener ni la más mínima posibilidad = not to have a prayer.* no tener ni la más remota posibilidad = not to have a prayer.* no tener ningún escrúpulo en = have + no qualms about.* no tener ningún fundamento = not have a leg to stand on.* no tener ningún interés = can't/couldn't be bothered.* no tener ningún problema con = be okay with.* no tener ningún remilgo en = have + no qualms about.* no tener ningún reparo = have + no qualms about.* no tener ni pies ni cabeza = be pointless.* no tener ni punto de comparación = be in a different league.* no tener ni puta idea = not get + Posesivo + shit together.* no tener ni puta idea sobre Algo = not know the first thing about.* no tener ni un pelo de tonto = there are no flies (on/about) + Pronombre.* no tener ni voz ni voto en = have + no say in.* no tener noticias es buena señal = no news is good news.* no tener opción = have + no choice.* no tener otra alternativa = have + no choice.* no tener otra alternativa que = have + no other option but.* no tener otra opción = have + no choice.* no tener otra opción que = have + no other option but.* no tener otro objetivo que el de = have + no other purpose than.* no tener otro sitio donde recurrir = have + nowhere else to turn.* no tener parangón = be unequalled, be without peer.* no tener pelos en la lengua = call + a spade a spade.* no tener posibilidades = be dead meat.* no tener prejuicios = be open-minded.* no tener presente = be oblivious of/to.* no tener que ir muy lejos = not have to look far.* no tener razón = be wrong.* no tener razón de ser + Infinitivo = there + be + no sense in + Gerundio.* no tener reparos = make + no bones about + Algo.* no tener reparos en admitir que = make + no bones about + Algo.* no tener representación = be unrepresented.* no tener respuesta = be unanswerable.* no tener rival = be second to none.* no tener rumbo = lose + Posesivo + way.* no tener salida = be stuck, get + stuck.* no tenerse en pie = Negativo + hold + water.* no tener sentido = be meaningless, be pointless, be senseless.* no tener sentido el + Infinitivo = there + be + no point in + Gerundio.* no tener sentido + Infinitivo = there + be + little point in + Gerundio, there + be + no sense in + Gerundio.* no tener suerte = be out of luck.* no tener tiempo de nada = have + not a moment to spare.* no tener trabajo = be unemployed.* no tener trascendencia = be of no consequence.* no tener un duro = not have a bean.* no tener valor = be valueless.* no tener vida privada = like being in a (gold)fish bowl.* no terminar nunca de tener problemas con = have + no end of problems with.* ¡Ojalá tuviera...! = I wish I had....* ¡Ojalá tuviese...! = I wish I had....* parece tener poco sentido que = there + seem + little point in.* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.* que no tiene compensación = non-compensatory [noncompensatory].* que no tiene precio = priceless.* que pase lo que tenga que pasar = que sera sera, whatever will be, will be, what's meant to be, will be.* que tiene lugar una vez a la semana = once-weekly.* que tiene precio = priced.* que tiene sentido = meaningful.* que tiene solución = solvable.* revista que tiene una gran demanda popular = mass-market journal.* sin tener = in the absence of.* sin tener en cuenta = never mind, without regard to, independently of, disregarding, not including.* sin tener en cuenta el hecho de que = overlook + the fact that.* sin tener que recurrir a = without recourse to.* tenemos intereses en ambas partes = our feet are in both worlds.* tener a Alguien metido en un puño = have + Nombre + under + Posesivo + thumb.* tener a cargo de uno = have + as + Posesivo + charge.* tener acceso a información confidencial = be on the inside.* tener acuerdos con = have + deals with.* tener afinidades = share + common ground.* tener aire acondiconado = be air-conditioned.* tener a la disposición de Uno = have at + Posesivo + disposal.* tener al alcance = have at + Posesivo + touch.* tener Algo al alcance = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + fingertips.* tener algo a mano = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + fingertips.* tener + Algo + a + Posesivo + entera disposición = have + the run of the + Nombre.* tener Algo bajo el control de Uno = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + command.* tener Algo claro = clarify + Posesivo + mind.* tener Algo en común = have + Nombre + in common, share + Nombre + in common.* tener algo en contra de = have + something against.* tener Algo fácilmente accesible = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + fingertips.* tener Algo hecho a la medida de uno = have + Nombre + cut out.* tener algo muy vivo en la mente de uno = be strong in + mind.* tener algo que decir sobre = have + a say in.* tener algo que ver con = have + something to do with.* tener algo reservado = have + something up + Posesivo + sleeve.* tener alguna incidencia en = have + some bearing on.* tener alguna posibilidad = have + a fighting chance.* tener alguna posibilidad de triunfar = have + a fighting chance.* tener alguna relevancia para = have + some bearing on.* tener alucinaciones = hallucinate.* tener a mano = have at + Posesivo + touch, have + on call, have + to hand, keep within + reach, be to hand.* tener ansias de = crave, crave for.* tener antecedentes de = have + a track record of.* tener antojo de = crave, crave for.* tener a + Posesivo + cargo = have + in + Posesivo + charge.* tener aspecto = look.* tener atrasos = be in arrears.* tener aversión a = have + aversion to.* tener beneficios = have + benefits.* tener buena mano con las plantas = have + a green thumb, have + green fingers.* tener buen apetito = have + a good appetite.* tener buenas intenciones = be well-intentioned, mean + well.* tener buenas perspectivas para = be well-placed to.* tener buen ojo para juzgar a la gente = be a good judge of character.* tener bulla = be in a hurry.* tener cabida para = hold, accommodate, include, take.* tener calentura = have + a temperature, have + a fever.* tener características en común = share + similarities.* tener cara de muerto = look like + death warmed (over/up).* tener carencias = find + wanting.* tener carta blanca = have + carte-blanche.* tener causa justificada = have + good cause.* tener cautela = proceed + with caution.* tener celos = feel + jealous.* tener claro = be clear in your mind.* tener coherencia = cohere.* tener cólicos = be colicky.* tener como consecuencia = result (in).* tener como equivalente = have + counterpart.* tener como motivo central = plan around + Nombre.* tener como objetivo = have + as + Posesivo + objective, be in business for.* tener como sede = headquarter (at/in).* tener compasión de = have + compassion for.* tener conocimiento de = be privy to, be aware of.* tener consecuencias = have + consequences.* tener consecuencias en = have + implication for.* tener consecuencias negativas = backfire.* tener contacto = have + contact.* tener contactos = liaise (with/between).* tener controlado a Alguien = have + Nombre + on the run.* tener control sobre = have + hold on.* tener coraje = pluck up + courage, gather up + courage.* tener correlación con = bear + correlation with.* tener correspondencia = bear + correspondence (to).* tener cosas en común = share + common ground.* tener cualidades + Adjetivo = be of + Adjetivo + quality.* tener cuidado = exercise + care, exercise + caution, proceed + with caution, watch out, take + caution.* tener cuidado con = watch for, beware (of/that), look out for, be wary of.* tener cuidado con lo que se dice = say + the right thing.* tener cuidado con lo que Uno dice = watch + Posesivo + mouth, watch what + say.* tener cuidado de = be careful, be chary of, take + (great) pains to.* tener cuidado (de que) = take + care (that).* tener cultivos = grow + crops.* tener debilidad por = have + a soft spot for.* tener delante = have + before.* tener demasiada prisa = be in too much of a hurry, be in too much of a rush.* tener derecho a = be entitled to, have + a right to, entitle to, have + the right to, have + a say in.* tener derecho a expresar + Posesivo + opinión = be entitled to + Posesivo + own opinion.* tener derecho de paso = have + the right of way.* tener dificultad = struggle, experience + difficulty, be hard pressed.* tener dificultad de + Infinitivo = have + difficulty + Gerundio, have + difficulty in + Gerundio.* tener dificultad en + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.* tener dificultades = have + a hard time, have + a tough time.* tener dinero a punta pala = roll in + Dinero.* tener dominado a Alguien = have + Nombre + on the run.* tener dudas = be doubtful, have + misgivings, have + reservations (about), be suspicious.* tener dudas sobre = be ambivalent about.* tener efecto = take + effect, have + effect.* tener efecto sobre = impinge on/upon.* tener el atrevimiento de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener el corazón de un león = have + the heart of a lion.* tener el deber de = have + a responsibility to.* tener el derecho de = have + the right to.* tener el descaro de = have + the gall to, have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener el destino de = suffer + the fate of.* tener el estatus profesional de + Nombre = have + Nombre + status.* tener el gusto de = take + pleasure.* tener el hábito de = have + the habit of.* tener el honor de = have + the honour of.* tener el lujo = have + luxury.* tener el mando = rule + the roost.* tener el mejor aspecto posible = look + Posesivo + best.* tener el mismo destino = suffer + the same fate.* tener el mono = suffer from + withdrawal symptoms.* tener el placer de = take + pleasure.* tener el plazo cumplido = be due.* tener el plazo vencido = be overdue.* tener el poder = be the boss, call + the shots, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* tener el poder de = have + the power to.* tener el toque mágico = have + the magic touch.* tener el valor = have + the courage.* tener el valor de = have + the guts to, have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener en común = hold in + common, tread + common ground.* tener en común con = partake (in/of).* tener en consideración = take into + consideration, take into + consideration.* tener en cuenta = allow for, bear in + mind, cater for/to, consider (as), heed, make + allowances, take + account of, take + cognisance of, take + cognition of, take into + account, take into + consideration, make + provision for, bring into + play, give + an ear to, factor, have + regard for, factor in, be aware of, note, keep in + mind.* tener en cuenta las posibilidades de Algo = consider + possibilities.* tener en cuenta un punto de vista = take into + account + viewpoint, contemplate + view.* tener en funcionamiento = have + in effect.* tener en gran estima = have + a very high regard for.* tener en mente = bear in + mind, have + in mind, keep in + mind.* tener en observación = hold under + observation, keep under + observation.* tener en reserva = hold in + reserve.* tener entre manos = be up to.* tener envidia de = envy.* tener errores = be flawed.* tener éxito = achieve + success, be successful, get + anywhere, meet + success, prove + successful, succeed, attain + appeal, be a success, find + success, come up + trumps, prove + trumps, take off, meet with + success, hit + the big time, be popular, go + strong.* tener éxito en el mundo = succeed in + the world.* tener éxito en la vida = succeed in + life, get on in + life.* tener expectativas = hold + expectations, have + expectations.* tener experiencia = have + experience.* tener fácilmente accesible = have at + Posesivo + touch.* tener fallos = be flawed.* tener fe = have + faith (in).* tener fe en = have + faith (in).* tener fiebre = have + a temperature, have + a fever.* tener fijación por = be hipped (on/to), get hipped (on/to).* tener flatulencia = pass + gas, break + wind, pass + wind.* tener forma + Adjetivo = be + Adjetivo + in shape.* tener frenillo = lisp.* tener fundamento para pensar que = have + reason to believe that.* tener futuro = have + potential, there + be + a future for/in, have + a future.* tener ganada la mitad de la batalla = be half the battle.* tener ganada sólo la mitad de la batalla = be only half the battle.* tener ganas de = be keen to, have + an/the inclination to.* tener ganas de + Infinitivo = feel like + Gerundio.* tener gancho = be engaging.* tener gastos = incur + costs.* tener gastos generales = incur + overheads.* tener gran éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.* tener gran importancia = be of high significance.* tener gran repercusión = be far reaching.* tener hambre = be hungry, feel + hungry.* tener hambre después del esfuerzo = work up + an appetite.* tener hijos = father + children, have + children.* tener hipo = hiccup.* tener horario ajustado = be under time constraint.* tener horror a = loathe, hate.* tener idea = have + a clue.* tener impacto = make + impact.* tener impacto (sobre) = have + impact (on).* tener implicaciones para = have + implication for.* tener importancia = carry + weight, have + high profile, be of consequence.* tener indigestión = have + indigestion.* tener influencias = have + pull.* tener influencia sobre = have + hold on.* tener iniciativa = be proactive.* tener intereses en = have + a stake in.* tener intereses en juego = have + invested.* tener interés por = have + an interest in.* tener interés por/en = be interested in.* tener inventiva = be inventive.* tener jurisdicción = have + jurisdiction (over).* tener la autoridad = have + mandate.* tener la bragueta abierta = fly + be undone.* tener la capacidad de = have + the potential (to/for).* tener la cara de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la cara descompuesta = look like + death warmed (over/up).* tener la categoría profesional de + Nombre = hold + Nombre + rank, have + Nombre + rank, enjoy + Nombre + rank.* tener la certeza de = feel + confident.* tener la certeza de que = rest + assured that.* tener la conciencia limpia = have + a clear conscience.* tener la conciencia tranquila = have + a clear conscience.* tener la convicción = it + be + Posesivo + understanding.* tener la costumbre de = have + a habit of, have + the habit of.* tener la costumbre de + Infinitivo = be in the habit of + Gerundio.* tener la cuenta bancaria = bank.* tener la culpa (por/de) = be at fault (for/to).* tener la culpa de Algo que se ha causado Uno mismo = be of + Posesivo + own making.* tener la desfachatez de = have + the gall to, have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la desvergüenza de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la doble función = double as, double up as.* tener la facultad de = have + powers to.* tener la fama de = have + a good record for.* tener la fecha de + Fecha = be dated + Fecha.* tener la frescura de = have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la función de = be in the business of.* tener la impresión = have + the impression, get + the impression.* tener la impresión de que = get + the feeling that.* tener la intención de = be intended to, intend, mean.* tener la intención de + Infinitivo = set out to + Infinitivo.* tener la libertad de = be at liberty to, feel + free to.* tener la libertard de/para = have + the latitude to.* tener la malafortuna de = have + the misfortune to.* tener la mirada perdida = stare into + space, gaze into + space.* tener la misma importancia = carry + equal weight.* tener la obligación de = be under the obligation to.* tener la ocasión de = have + opportunity to.* tener la oficina central en = headquarter (at/in).* tener la opinión = it + be + Posesivo + understanding.* tener la oportunidad = have + the opportunity.* tener la oportunidad de = get + (a/the) + chance to, have + opportunity to, get + a chance to.* tener la osadía de = have + the gall to, have + the nerve(s) to, have + the cheek to.* tener la paciencia del santo Job = have + the patience of Job.* tener la paciencia de un santo = have + the patience of a saint.* tener la posibilidad de = have + chance.* tener la potestad = have + mandate.* tener la potestad de = have + the power to, have + the right to.* tener lapsus = have + lapses.* tener la reputación de ser = be well known for.* tener la responsabilidad = charge, undertake + burden.* tener la responsabilidad de = have + the responsibility of.* tener la sartén por el mango = call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* tener la seguridad de = have + the security of.* tener la seguridad de que = rest + assured that.* tener la sensación de que = have + a gut feeling that.* tener las mismas prerrogativas = have + an equal voice in.* tener las riendas de = hold + the reins of.* tener las riendas del poder = hold + the reins of power.* tener lástima = pity.* tener lástima de = take + pity on.* tener la tentación de = be tempted to.* tener la última palabra = have + the ultimate say, have + the final say, call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* tener la vista cansada = need + reading glasses.* tenerle manía a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* tenerle rabia a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* tenerle tirria a Alguien = have + it in for + Nombre.* tener libertad = have + freedom.* tener libertad sobre = have + wide discretion over.* tenerlo crudo = not be easy.* tenerlo difícil = not be easy, not be easy.* tenerlo duro = not be easy.* tenerlo fácil = have + an easy ride.* tener lo mejor de ambos mundos = have + the best of both worlds.* tener lo mejor de los dos mundos = have + the best of both worlds.* tener lo que hace falta = have + what it takes.* tener lo que hay que tener = have + what it takes.* tener lo que se necesita = have + what it takes.* tener los días contados = day + be + numbered, be doomed, doomed, be dead meat, the (hand)writing + be + on the wall, see it + coming.* tener los nervios de punta = have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.* tener los nervios en el estómago = have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.* tener los pies firmemente en el suelo = feet + be + firmly planted on the ground.* tenerlo todo = have + the best of both worlds.* tenerlo todo hecho = have + an easy ride.* tener lugar = take + place, go on, come to + pass.* tener madera de = be cut out for.* tener mala fama por = hold in + disrepute, be infamous for.* tener malas conexiones con = have + poor connections with.* tener malas intenciones = be up to no good, get up to + no good.* tener mal de amores = be lovesick.* tener mal ojo para juzgar a la gente = be a bad judge of character.* tener más paciencia que el santo Job = have + the patience of Job.* tener más paciencia que un santo = have + the patience of a saint.* tener mérito = be meritorious.* tener miedo = be afraid, be in fear, frighten.* tener miedo a = be scared of.* tener miedo a Alguien = regard + Nombre + with fear.* tener motivo = be right.* tener motivo justificado = have + good cause.* tener motivo para = have + cause to.* tener movilidad = be mobile.* tener mucha distancia que recorrer = have + a long way to go.* tener mucha ilusión = be thrilled.* tener mucha personalidad = be full of character.* tener mucho camino que recorrer = have + a long way to go.* tener mucho carácter = be full of character.* tener mucho cuidado = be extra vigilant.* tener mucho éxito = hit + a home run, hit it out of + the park, knock it out of + the park.* tener mucho interés en = have + a high stake in.* tener mucho interés por = be keen to.* tener mucho que ver con = have + a great deal to do with.* tener mucho tiempo libre = have + plenty of time to spare.* tener muy mala cara = look like + death warmed (over/up).* tener niños = have + children.* tener + Nombre = be not without + Nombre.* tener noticias de = hear from.* tener + Número + Período de Tiempo = be + Período de Tiempo + old.* tener obligación = have + obligation.* tener obsesión con = be hipped (on/to), get hipped (on/to).* tener ojeras = have + bags under + Posesivo + eyes.* tener ojos en la nuca = have + eyes in the back of + Posesivo + head.* tener opinión = take + view.* tener paciencia = be patient.* tener paciencia con = bear with + Pronombre.* tener palabra = keep + Posesivo + word, live up to + Posesivo + word.* tener paralelo = have + parallel.* tener pelos en la lengua = mince + words.* tener pérdidas = make + a loss.* tener perplejo = stump.* tener plena conciencia de = be fully aware of.* tener poca información = be information poor.* tener pocas luces = as thick as a brick, as thick as two (short) planks, as daft as a brush, knucklehead.* tener pocas posibilidades de = have + little recourse.* tener poco que ver = have + little to do.* tener poco valor = be of little value.* tener por costumbre + Infinitivo = be in the habit of + Gerundio.* tener por término medio = average.* tener posibilidades = stand + chance, be in with a chance.* tener potencial = have + potential.* tener precaución de = be chary of.* tener precedencia = take + priority.* tener preferencia = be preferential, have + the right of way.* tener preferencia (sobre) = take + precedence (over).* tener presente = be mindful of/that, bear in + mind, consider (as), keep in + focus, keep in + mind, make + consideration, mind, make + provision for, have + regard for, be aware of.* tener presente las posibilidades de Algo = consider + possibilities.* tener prioridad = trump.* tener prisa = be in a hurry.* tener problema con Algo = experience + trouble with.* tener problemas = have + problems.* tener problemas con = fall + foul of, run + afoul of problems, run + afoul of, fall + afoul of.* tener problemas con la ley = fall + foul of the law, go + afoul of the law, fall + afoul of the law.* tener programado su comienzo = be scheduled to start.* tener programado su finalización = be scheduled for completion.* tener pros y contras = be a mixed blessing.* tener que = have to, hafta [have to].* tener que aguantar Algo = be stuck with, get + stuck with.* tener que arreglárselas solo = leave (up) to + Posesivo + own resources, leave to + Posesivo + own devices.* tener que cargar con = be stuck with, saddle with, get + stuck with.* tener que cargar con el peso de = be burdened with.* tener que cargar con el peso de la tradición = be burdened with + tradition.* tener que competir con = face + competition from.* tener + que felicitar a Alguien = have to hand it to + Nombre.* tener que ocurrir = be boun* * *■ tener (verbo transitivo)A poseer, disponer deB1 llevar encima2 llevar puestoC actividades, obligacionesD1 señalando características2 expresando edad3 con idea de posibilidadE dar a luzA sujetar, sostenerB tomarA recibirB1 sentir2 refiriéndose a síntomas3 refiriéndose a sucesosC refiriéndose a actitudesA indicando estado, situaciónB tener algo/a alguien por algo■ tener (verbo auxiliar)A1 tener que: obligación2 tener que: propósitoB tener que: certezaA con participio pasadoB en expresiones de tiempo■ tenerse (verbo pronominal)A sostenerseB tenerse por algovt[El uso de `got' en frases como `I've got a new dress' está mucho más extendido en el inglés británico que en el americano. Éste prefiere la forma `I have a new dress']A (poseer, disponer de) ‹dinero/trabajo/tiempo› to haveése ya lo tengo I already have that one, I've already got that one¿tienen hijos? do they have any children?, have they got any children?tiene un sueldo muy bueno she earns a very good salary, she is on a very good salaryno tenemos aceitunas we don't have any olives, we haven't got any olivesno tenía bastante dinero I didn't have enough moneyno tengo a quién recurrir I have o I've got nobody to turn totú no tienes idea de lo que fue you've no idea o you can't imagine what it was likeaquí tienes al autor del delito here's o this is the culprit¡ahí tienes! ¿ves cómo no se los puede dejar solos? there you are! you see how they can't be left on their own?¿conque ésas tenemos? so that's the way things are, is it?no tenerlas todas consigo ( fam): no sé, no las tengo todas conmigo I don't know, I'm not entirely sure o I'm not a hundred percent sure o I'm not at all sureB1 (llevar encima) to have¿tienes cambio de $100? do you have change for $100?no tengo un lápiz I don't have a pencil (on me), I haven't got a pencil (on me)¿tiene hora? have you got the time?, could you tell me the time?2 (llevar puesto) to be wearing, have on¡qué traje más elegante tienes! that's a smart suit you're wearing o you have on!C (hablando de actividades, obligaciones) to haveesta noche tengo una fiesta I'm going to o I have a party tonightlos viernes tenemos gimnasia we have keep-fit on Fridaystenemos invitados a cenar we have o we've got some people coming to dinnertengo un par de camisas que planchar I have o I've got a couple of shirts to ironD1 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (señalando características, atributos) to havetiene los ojos castaños/el pelo largo she has o she's got brown eyes/long hairtiene mucho tacto/valor he's very tactful/bravetiene habilidad para esas cosas he's very good at that sort of thingtiene sus defectos he has o he's got his faultsla habitación tiene mucha luz the room is very light o gets a lot of lighttiene cuatro metros de largo por tres de ancho it is four meters long and three meters wide¿cuánto tienes de cintura? what's your waist measurement?tiene mucho de su padre he's very much like his father, he takes after his fathertener algo DE algo:¿y eso qué tiene de malo? and what's (so) bad about that?no tiene nada de extraño there's nothing strange about itle lleva 15 años — ¿y eso qué tiene? ( AmL fam); she's 15 years older than he is — so what does that matter?(expresando edad): ¿cuántos años tienes? how old are you?tengo cuarenta años I'm forty (years old)tengo edad para ser tu padre I'm old enough to be your fatherel televisor ya tiene muchos años the television set is very old3(con idea de posibilidad): no creo que tenga arreglo I don't think it can be fixed, I think it's beyond repairel problema no tiene solución there is no solution to the problem, the problem is insolubleE (dar a luz) to havetener un niño or hijo or bebé to have a child o babyA (sujetar, sostener) to holdsube, que yo te tengo la escalera go on up, I'll hold the ladder for you¿me tienes esto un minuto? could you hold this for a minute?tenlo derecho hold it uprightB(tomar): ten la llave take the key, here's the keyA (recibir) to havehace un mes que no tenemos noticias de él we haven't heard from him for a monthla propuesta tuvo una acogida favorable the proposal was favorably receivedtuvo una gran decepción/sorpresa it was a terrible disappointment/a big surprise for herB1(sentir): tengo hambre/sueño/frío I'm hungry/tired/coldtiene celos de su hermano she's jealous of her brotherno tiene interés por nada she's not interested in anythingle tengo mucho cariño a esta casa I'm very fond of this housetengo el placer/honor de anunciar … it gives me great pleasure/I have the honor to announce …¿qué tienes? ¿por qué lloras? what's wrong? o what's the matter? why are you crying?2 (refiriéndose a síntomas, enfermedades) to havetengo un dolor de cabeza horrible I have o I've got a terrible headache¿has tenido las paperas? have you had mumps?está enfermo, pero no saben qué tiene he's ill, but they don't know what it is o what he's got o what's wrong with him3 (refiriéndose a sucesos, experiencias) to havetuvimos un verano muy bueno we had a very good summertuve un sueño espantoso I had a terrible dreamque tengas buen viaje have a good triptuve una discusión con él I had an argument with himC(refiriéndose a actitudes): ten un poco más de respeto have a little more respectten paciencia/cuidado be patient/carefultuvo la gentileza de prestármelo she was kind enough to lend it to metuvo la precaución de llamar antes de ir she had the foresight to phone before she wentA (indicando estado, situación) (+ compl):el sofá tiene el tapizado sucio the upholstery on the sofa is dirtyla mesa tiene una pata rota one of the table legs is brokentenía el suéter puesto al revés he had his sweater on back to fronttengo las manos sucias my hands are dirtytenía los ojos cerrados she had her eyes closedtienes el cinturón desabrochado your belt's undonelo tengo escondido I have it hidden awayya lo tiene roto it's already broken o he's broken it alreadyla tuvo engañada mucho tiempo he was cheating on her for a long timelo tiene dominado she has him under her thumbeso me tiene muy preocupada I'm very worried about thatme tuvo escribiendo a máquina toda la tarde she had me typing all afternoonnos tuvo allí esperando una hora he kept us waiting there for an houra la pobre la tienen de sirvienta they treat the poor girl like a maidtengo a la niña enferma my little girl's sick¿en qué mano lo tengo? which hand is it in?B (considerar) tener algo/a algn POR algo:se lo tiene por el mejor hospital del país it is supposed to be o it is considered (to be) the best hospital in the countrylo tienen por buen cirujano he's held to be o he's considered (to be) a good surgeonsiempre lo tuve por tímido I always thought he was shyten por seguro que lo hará rest assured o you can be sure he'll do it■A1 (expresando obligación, necesidad) tener QUE + INF:tengo que terminarlo hoy I have to o I must finish it todaytienes que comer más, estás muy delgada you must eat more, you're very thinno tienes más que apretar este botón all you have to do is press this buttonno tienes que estar allí hasta las nueve you don't have to be there until nineno tengo por qué darte cuentas a ti I don't have to explain anything to you, I don't owe you any explanationsno tienes que comer tanto (no debes) you mustn't eat so much; (no hace falta) you don't have to eat that much, there's no need to eat that muchtendría que cambiarme, no puedo ir así I'd have to o I ought to o I should change, I can't go like this2 (expresando propósito, recomendación) tener QUE + INF:tenemos que ir a ver esa película we must go and see that movietengo que hacer ejercicio I must get some exercisetienes que leerlo, es buenísimo you must read it, it's really goodB (expresando certeza) tener QUE + INF:tiene que estar en este cajón it must be in this drawertiene que haber sido él it must have been himtengo que haberlo dejado en casa I must have left it at home¡tú tenías que ser! it had to be you, didn't it?A(con participio pasado): ¿tiene previsto asistir al congreso? do you plan to attend the conference?ya tenían planeada su estrategia they already had their strategy worked outtengo entendido que llega mañana I understand he's arriving tomorrowtiene ganado el afecto del público she has won the public's affectionte tengo dicho que eso no me gusta I've told you before I don't like thatteníamos pensado irnos el jueves we intended leaving on Thursdaytiene bastante dinero ahorrado she has quite a lot of money saved upBtienen tres años de casados they've been married for three years■ tenerseA(sostenerse): no podía tenerse en pie he couldn't standB ( refl) (considerarse) tenerse POR algo:se tiene por muy inteligente he considers himself to be o he thinks he is very intelligent* * *
Multiple Entries:
tener
tener algo
tener ( conjugate tener) verbo transitivo El uso de `got' en frases como `I've got a new dress' está mucho más extendido en el inglés británico que en el americano. Este prefiere la forma `I have a new dress'
1
◊ ¿tienen hijos? do they have any children?, have they got any children?;
no tenemos pan we don't have any bread, we haven't got any bread;
tiene el pelo largo she has o she's got long hair
◊ ¿tiene hora? have you got the time?
◊ tengo invitados a cenar I have o I've got some people coming to dinner;
tengo cosas que hacer I have o I've got things to do
2
tiene un metro de largo it is one meter long;
le lleva 15 años — ¿y eso qué tiene? (AmL fam) she's 15 years older than he is — so what does that matter?
◊ ¿cuántos años tienes? how old are you?;
tengo veinte años I'm twenty (years old)
3
b) ( tomar):◊ ten la llave take o here's the key
4a) ( sentir):◊ tengo hambre/frío I'm hungry/cold;
le tengo mucho cariño I'm very fond of him;
tengo el placer de … it gives me great pleasure to …
◊ tengo dolor de cabeza I have o I've got a headache
5 ( refiriéndose a actitudes):
ten paciencia/cuidado be patient/careful;
tiene mucho tacto he's very tactful
6 (indicando estado, situación):
tengo las manos sucias my hands are dirty;
tienes el cinturón desabrochado your belt's undone;
me tiene muy preocupada I'm very worried about it
tener v aux
1 tener que hacer algo
◊ tengo que estudiar hoy I have to o I must study today;
tienes que comer más you ought to eat moreb) (expresando propósito, recomendación):
tendrías que llamarlo you should ring himc) ( expresando certeza):
¡tú tenías que ser! it had to be you!
2 ( con participio pasado):◊ tengo entendido que sí viene I understand he is coming;
te tengo dicho que … I've told you before (that) …;
teníamos pensado irnos hoy we intended leaving today
3 (AmL) ( en expresiones de tiempo):
tenía un año sin verlo she hadn't seen him for a year
tenerse verbo pronominal ( sostenerse):
no tenerse de sueño to be dead on one's feet
tener
I verbo transitivo
1 (poseer, disfrutar) to have, have got: tengo muy buena memoria, I have a very good memory
no tiene coche, he hasn't got a car
tiene dos hermanas, he has two sisters
tiene mucho talento, he's very talented
no tenemos suficiente dinero, we don't have enough money
(ser dueño de) to own: tiene una cadena de hoteles, he owns a chain of hotels ➣ Ver nota en have 2 (contener) to contain: esta bebida no tiene alcohol, this drink doesn't contain alcohol
3 (asir, sujetar) to hold: la tenía en brazos, she was carrying her in her arms
4 (hospedar) tiene a su suegra en casa, his mother-in-law is staying with them
5 (juzgar, considerar) la tengo por imposible, I regard her as a hopeless case
nos tienen por tontos, they think we are stupid
tenlo por seguro, you can be sure
6 (pasar el tiempo de cierta manera) to have: he tenido un día espantoso, I've had a dreadful day
7 (padecer, sentir) tiene celos, he's jealous
tengo hambre/sed, I'm hungry/thirsty
ten paciencia conmigo, be patient with me
tengo un dolor de cabeza terrible, I have a terrible headache
8 (profesar) to have: me tiene cariño, he is very fond of me
no le tengo ningún respeto, I have no respect for him
9 (años, tiempo) to be: el bebé tiene ocho días, the baby is eight days old
(medidas) la cama tiene metro y medio de ancho, the bed is one and a half metres wide
10 (mantener) to keep: no sabe tener la boca cerrada, she can't keep her mouth shut
nos tuvo dos horas esperando, he kept us waiting for two hours
tiene su habitación muy ordenada, he keeps his room very tidy
me tiene preocupada, I'm worried about him
11 ( tener que + infinitivo) tengo que hacerlo, I must do it
tienes que tomarte las pastillas, you have to take your pills
tendrías que habérselo dicho, you ought to have told her ➣ Ver nota en must
II verbo aux to have: mira que te lo tengo dicho veces, I've told you time and time again
Tener tiene dos traducciones básicas: to have o to have got. Esta segunda se usa casi únicamente para expresar posesión y solo en el presente: Tengo un coche nuevo. I have got a new car.
La primera se usa en sentido más general: Va a tener un problema. He's going to have a problem. Recuerda que la forma interrogativa de I have got es have I got?, mientras que la forma interrogativa de I have es do I have?
Cuando tener significa sentir, se traduce por el verbo to be: Tengo hambre. I am hungry.
' tener' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abrigar
- abuela
- abundar
- acarrear
- accidente
- acostumbrar
- admirar
- adolecer
- agobiarse
- añorar
- antena
- apetecer
- apremiar
- aptitud
- arcada
- arte
- banco
- bombera
- bombero
- burbuja
- cabida
- cabronada
- cacao
- caer
- cagalera
- calor
- cantar
- capaz
- carácter
- carrete
- celebrarse
- céntimo
- certeza
- certidumbre
- ciega
- ciego
- conciencia
- conllevar
- consecuencia
- constar
- contingente
- corazón
- correa
- correrse
- cosa
- cosquillas
- costar
- creer
- cruda
- crudo
English:
access
- accommodate
- act
- add up
- afraid
- agree
- aim to
- allow for
- allowance
- approve of
- around
- associate
- attached
- augment
- authoritarian
- ax
- axe
- barrel
- be
- bear
- bear with
- bearing
- begrudge
- believe in
- belong
- beware
- boast
- bone
- boomerang
- breathing space
- broody
- brush
- butterfly
- calculate
- careful
- celebrate
- clash
- clever
- come off
- command
- connected
- conscience
- consider
- consideration
- count
- crash
- date
- daunt
- debt
- depend
* * *♦ vt1. [poseer, disfrutar de] [objeto, cualidad, elemento, parentesco] to have;no tengo televisor/amigos I haven't got o I don't have a television/any friends;¿tienes un bolígrafo? have you got o do you have a pen?;¿tiene usted hora? have you got the time?;tenemos un mes para terminarlo we've got a month in which to finish it;tiene el pelo corto, ojos azules y gafas she has (got) short hair, blue eyes and she wears glasses;el documental no tiene mucho interés the documentary is not very interesting;¿cuántas habitaciones tiene? how many rooms has it got o does it have?;¿tienes hermanos? have you got o do you have any brothers or sisters?;tengo un hermano I've got o I have a brother;tener un niño to have a baby;no tienen hijos they haven't got o don't have any children;RP Fam¿conque ésas tenemos?, ¿ahora no quieres ayudar? so that's the deal, is it? you don't want to help now, then;no las tiene todas consigo he is not too sure about it;muy Famtenerlos bien puestos to have guts;tanto tienes, tanto vales you are what you own2. [padecer, realizar, experimentar] to have;tener fiebre to have a temperature;tiene cáncer/el sida she has (got) cancer/AIDS;doctor, ¿qué tengo? what's wrong with me, doctor?;no tienes nada (grave) it's nothing (serious), there's nothing (seriously) wrong with you;tuvieron una pelea/reunión they had a fight/meeting;tengo las vacaciones en agosto my holidays are in August;mañana no tenemos clase we don't have to go to school tomorrow, there's no school tomorrow;¡que tengan buen viaje! have a good journey!;no he tenido un buen día I haven't had a good day;tiene lo que se merece she's got what she deserves3. [medida, años, sensación, sentimiento] to be;tiene 3 metros de ancho it's 3 metres wide;¿cuántos años tienes? how old are you?;tiene diez años she's ten (years old);Amtengo tres años aquí I've been here for three years;tener hambre/miedo to be hungry/afraid;tener suerte/mal humor to be lucky/bad-tempered;tengo un dolor de espalda terrible I have a terrible backache;tengo alergia al polvo I'm allergic to dust;me tienen cariño/envidia they're fond/jealous of me;le tiene lástima he feels sorry for her;tengo ganas de llorar I feel like cryingtienes la corbata torcida your tie isn't straight;me tuvo despierto it kept me awake;eso la tiene despistada/preocupada that has her confused/worried;esto la tendrá ocupada un rato this will keep her busy for a while;un psicópata tiene atemorizada a la población a psychopath is terrorizing the population;nos tuvieron una hora en comisaría they kept us at the police station for an hour;me tuvo esperando una hora she kept me waiting an hour;nos tuvieron toda la noche viendo vídeos they made us watch videos all night;5. [sujetar] to hold;tenlo por el asa hold it by the handle;¿puedes tenerme esto un momento? could you hold this for me a minute?;ten los brazos en alto hold your arms up high¡aquí tienes!, ¡ten! here you are!;ahí tienes la respuesta there's your answer7. [recibir] [mensaje, regalo, visita, sensación] to get;tuve una carta suya I got o had a letter from her;el que llegue primero tendrá un premio whoever arrives first will get a prize;tendrás noticias mías you'll hear from me;tenemos invitados/a la familia a cenar we've got guests/the family over for dinner;tendrá una sorpresa he'll get a surprise;tenía/tuve la impresión de que… I had/got the impression that…;tuve una verdadera desilusión I was really disappointed8. [valorar, estimar]tener en mucho/poco a alguien to think a lot/not to think very much of sb;me tienen por tonto they think I'm stupid;Formaltener a bien hacer algo to be kind enough to do sth;les ruego tengan a bien considerar mi candidatura para el puesto de… I would be grateful if you would consider my application for the post of…9. [guardar, contener] to keep;¿dónde tienes las joyas/el dinero? where do you keep the jewels/money?;¿dónde tendré las gafas? where can my glasses be?;la botella tenía un mensaje the bottle had a message inside;esta cuenta no tiene fondos there are no funds in this account¡cómo la tenés con tu vecino! you're always going on about your neighbour!;¡cómo la tiene con el auto que se va a comprar! he's always going on about the car he's going to buy!;¡cómo la tiene el jefe contigo! the boss really has it in for you!♦ v aux1. [antes de participio] [haber]teníamos pensado ir al teatro we had thought of going to the theatre, we had intended to go to the theatre;¿cuánto tienes hecho de la tesis? how much of your thesis have you (got) done?;te tengo dicho que no pises los charcos I've told you before not to step in puddles;tengo entendido que se van a casar I understand (that) they are going to get married2.tenía/tuve que hacerlo I had to do it;¿tienes que irte? do you have to go?, have you got to go?;tienes que esforzarte más you must try harder;tiene que ser así it has to be this way;tenemos que salir de aquí we have (got) to o need to get out of here, we must get out of here;teníamos que haber hecho esto antes we should have o ought to have done this before;no tienes que disculparte you needn't apologize, you don't need to apologize;si quieres algo, no tienes más que pedirlo if you want something, all you have to do is ask;no tienes por qué venir, si no quieres you don't have to come if you don't want to3.tener que: [indica propósito, consejo] [m5] tenemos que ir a cenar un día we ought to o should go for dinner some time;tienes que ir a ver esa película you must see that movie;tenías que haber visto cómo corría you should have seen him run;tendrías que dejar de fumar you ought to give up smoking4.tener que: [indica probabilidad] [m5] ya tienen que haber llegado they must have o should have arrived by now;las llaves tienen que andar por aquí the keys must be round here somewhere;tendría que haber terminado hace rato she should have o ought to have finished some time ago;tenía que ser él, no podía ser otro it had to be him, it couldn't have been anyone else5.tener que ver: tener que ver con algo/alguien to have to do with sth/sb;actitudes que tienen que ver con la falta de educación attitudes which are related to a lack of education;se apellida Siqueiros, pero no tiene que ver con el pintor his surname is Siqueiros, but he's got nothing to do with the painter;¿qué tiene eso que ver conmigo? what has that got to do with me?;no tener nada que ver con algo/alguien to have nothing to do with sth/sb;lo que digo no tiene nada que ver con eso what I'm saying has nothing to do with that;aunque los dos vinos sean Rioja, no tienen nada que ver even if both wines are Riojas, there's no comparison between them;¿qué tiene que ver que sea mujer para que haga bien su trabajo? what's her being a woman got to do with whether or not she does a good job?;es un poco tarde, ¿no? – ¿y qué tiene que ver? it's a bit late, isn't it? – so what?;tener que ver en algo to be involved in sth;dicen que la CIA tuvo que ver en ello rumour has it the CIA were involved;¿has tenido tú algo que ver en esto? have you had something to do with this?* * *v/t1 have;tener 10 años be 10 (years old);tener un metro de ancho/largo be one meter wide/long o in width/length2:ha tenido un niño she’s had a little boy3:tener a alguien por algo regard s.o. as sth, consider s.o. to be sth4:tengo que madrugar I must get up early, I have to o I’ve got to get up early;tuve que madrugar I had to get up early5:conque ¿esas tenemos? so that’s how it is o things stand, eh?;no tuvo a bien saludarme he did not see fit to greet me;no las tengo todas conmigo fam I’m not one hundred per cent sure;eso me tiene nervioso that makes me nervous* * *tener {80} vt1) : to havetiene ojos verdes: she has green eyestengo mucho que hacer: I have a lot to dotiene veinte años: he's twenty years oldtiene un metro de largo: it's one meter long2) : to holdten esto un momento: hold this for a moment3) : to feel, to maketengo frío: I'm coldeso nos tiene contentos: that makes us happy4)tener por : to think, to considerme tienes por loco: you think I'm crazytener v aux1)tener que : to have totengo que salir: I have to leavetiene que estar aquí: it has to be here, it must be heretenía pensado escribirte: I've been thinking of writing to you* * *tener vb1. (en general) to have¿tienes hermanos? have you any brothers or sisters?En el presente, sobre todo en inglés hablado, se puede emplear have got en vez de have, por ejemplo, have you got any brothers or sisters?2. (edad, tamaño) to betener que ver to have to do with / to concernno tiene nada que ver contigo it's got nothing to do with you / it doesn't concern you -
15 INTRODUCTION
For a small country perched on the edge of western Europe but with an early history that began more than 2,000 years ago, there is a vast bibliography extant in many languages. Since general reference works with bibliography on Portugal are few, both principal and minor works are included. In the first edition, works in English, and a variety of Portuguese language works that are counted as significant if not always classic, were included. In the second and third editions, more works in Portuguese are added.It is appropriate that most of the works cited in some sections of the bibliograpy are in English, but this pattern should be put in historical perspective. Since the late 1950s, the larger proportion of foreign-language works on Portugal and the Portuguese have been in English. But this was not the case before World War II. As a whole, there were more studies in French, with a smaller number in German, Italian, and Spanish, than in English. Most of the materials published today on all aspects of this topic continue to be in Portuguese, but English-language works have come to outnumber the other non-Portuguese language studies. In addition to books useful to a variety of students, a selection of classic works of use to the visitor, tourist, and foreign resident of Portugal, as well as to those interested in Portuguese communities overseas, have been included.Readers will note that publishers' names are omitted from some Portuguese citations as well as from a number of French works. There are several reasons for this. First, in many of the older sources, publishers no longer exist and are difficult to trace. Second, the names of the publishers have been changed in some cases and are also difficult to trace. Third, in many older books and periodicals, printers' names but not publishers were cited, and identifying the publishers is virtually impossible.Some recommended classic titles for beginners are in historical studies: José Hermano Saraiva, Portugal: A Companion History (1997); A. H. de Oliveira Marques, History of Portugal (1976 ed.), general country studies in two different historical eras: Sarah Bradford, Portugal (1973) and Marion Kaplan, The Portuguese: The Land and Its People (2002 and later editions); political histories, Antônio de Figueiredo, Portugal: Fifty Years of Dictatorship (1975) and Douglas L. Wheeler, Republican Portugal: A Political History ( 1910-1926) (1978; 1998). On Portugal's Revolution of 25 April 1974 and contemporary history and politics: Kenneth Maxwell, The Making of Portuguese Democracy (1995); Phil Mailer, The Impossible Revolution (1977); Richard A. H. Robinson, Contemporary Portugal: A History (1979); Lawrence S. Graham and Douglas L. Wheeler (eds.), In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences (1983); Lawrence S. Graham and Harry M. Makler (eds.), Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and its Antecedents (1979). On contemporary Portuguese society, see Antonio Costa Pinto (ed.), Contemporary Portugal: Politics, Society, Culture (2003).Enduring works on the history of Portugal's overseas empire include: C. R. Boxer, The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825 (1969 and later editions); and Bailey W. Diffie and George Winius, The Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580 (1977); on Portugal and the Age of Discoveries: Charles Ley (ed.), Portuguese Voyages 1498-1663 (2003). For a new portrait of the country's most celebrated figure of the Age of Discoveries, see Peter Russell, Prince Henry 'The Navigator': A Life (2000). A still useful geographical study about a popular tourist region is Dan Stanislawski's Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve (1963). A fine introduction to a region of rural southern Portugal is José Cutileiro's A Portuguese Rural Society (1971).Early travel account classics are Almeida Garrett, Travels in My Homeland (1987) and William Beckford, Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcobaca and Batalha (1969 and later editions). On travel and living in Portugal, see Susan Lowndes Marques and Ann Bridge, The Selective Traveller in Portugal (1968 and later editions); David Wright and Patrick Swift, Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide (1968 and later editions); Sam Ballard and Jane Ballard, Pousadas of Portugal (1986); Richard Hewitt, A Cottage in Portugal (1996);Ian Robertson, Portugal: The Blue Guide (1988 and later editions); and Anne de Stoop, Living in Portugal (1995). Fine reads on some colorful, foreign travellers in Portugal are found in Rose Macauley, They Went to Portugal (1946 and later editions) and They Went to Portugal Too (1990). An attractive blend of historical musing and current Portugal is found in Paul Hyland's, Backing Out of the Big World: Voyage to Portugal (1996); Datus Proper's The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal (1992); and Portugal's 1998 Nobel Prize winner in Literature, José Sarmago, writes in Journey through Portugal (2001).For aspects of Portuguese literature in translation, see Aubrey F. G. Bell, The Oxford Book of Portuguese Verse (1952 edition by B. Vidigal); José Maria Eça de Queirós, The Maias (2007 and earlier editions); and José Sara-mago's Baltasar and Blimunda (1985 and later editions), as well as many other novels by this, Portugal's most celebrated living novelist. See also Landeg White's recent translation of the national 16th century epic of Luis de Camóes, The Lusiads (1997). A classic portrait of the arts in Portugal during the country's imperial age is Robert C. Smith's The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800 (1968).For those who plan to conduct research in Portugal, the premier collection of printed books, periodicals, and manuscripts is housed in the country's national library, the Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, in Lisbon. Other important collections are found in the libraries of the major universities in Coimbra, Lisbon, and Oporto, and in a number of foundations and societies. For the history of the former colonial empire, the best collection of printed materials remains in the library of Lisbon's historic Geography Society, the Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa, Lisbon; and for documents there is the state-run colonial archives, the Arquivo Historico Ultramarino, in Restelo, near Lisbon. Other government records are deposited in official archives, such as those for foreign relations in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, housed in Necessidades Palace, Lisbon.For researchers in North America, the best collections of printed materials on Portugal are housed in the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.; New York Public Library, New York City; Newberry Library, Chicago, Illinois; and in university libraries including those of Harvard, Yale, Johns Hopkins, Brown, Indiana, Illinois, University of California at Los Angeles, University of California - Berkeley, University of California - Santa Barbara, Stanford, Florida State, Duke, University of New Hampshire, Durham, University of Toronto, University of Ottawa, McGill, and University of British Columbia. Records dealing with Portuguese affairs are found in U.S. government archives, including, for instance, those in the National Archives and Record Service (NARS), housed in Washington, D.C.BIBLIOGRAPHIES■ Academia Portuguesa de História. Guia Bibliográfica Histórica Portuguesa. Vol. I-?. Lisbon, 1954-.■ Anselmo, Antônio Joaquim. Bibliografia das bibliografias portuguesas. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional, 1923.■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Portuguese Bibliography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922.■ Borchardt, Paul. La Bibliographie de l'Angola, 1500-1900. Brussels, 1912. Chilcote, Ronald H., ed. and comp. The Portuguese Revolution of 25 April 1974. Annotated bibliography on the antecedents and aftermath. Coimbra: Centro de Documentação 25 de Abril, Universidade de Coimbra, 1987. Cintra, Maria Adelaide Valle. Bibliografia de textos medievais portugueses. Lisbon: Centro de Estudos Filolôgicos, 1960.■ Costa, Mário. Bibliografia Geral de Moçambique. Lisbon, 1945. Coutinho, Bernardo Xavier da Costa. Bibliographie franco-portugaise: Essai d'une bibliographie chronologique de livres français sur le Portugal. Oporto: Lopes da Silva, 1939.■ Diffie, Bailey W. "A Bibliography of the Principal Published Guides to Portuguese Archives and Libraries," Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Luso-Brazilian Studies. Nashville, Tenn., 1953. Gallagher, Tom. Dictatorial Portugal, 1926-1974: A Bibliography. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1979.■ Gibson, Mary Jane. Portuguese Africa: A Guide to Official Publications. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1967. Greenlee, William B. "A Descriptive Bibliography of the History of Portugal." Hispanic American Historical Review XX (August 1940): 491-516. Gulbenkian, Fundação Calouste. Boletim Internacional de Bibliografia Luso-Brasileira. Vol. 1-15. Lisbon, 1960-74.■ Instituto Camoes. Faculdade de Letras da Universidade De Coimbra. Repertorio Bibliografico da Historiografia Portuguesa ( 1974-1994). Coimbra:■ Instituto Camoes; Universidade de Coimbra, 1995. Junta De Investigações Científicas Do Ultramar. Bibliografia Da Junta De Investigações Científicas Do Ultramar Sobre Ciências Humanas E Sociais. Lisbon: Junta de Investigações Científicas Do Ultramar, 1975. Kettenring, Norman E., comp. A Bibliography of Theses and Dissertations on Portuguese Topics Completed in the United States and Canada, 1861-1983.■ Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1984. Kunoff, Hugo. Portuguese Literature from Its Origins to 1990: A Bibliography Based on the Collections at Indiana University. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1994.■ Laidlar, John. Lisbon. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 199. Oxford: ABC-Clio, 1997.. Portugal. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 71, rev. ed. Oxford: ABC-Clio, 2000.■ Lomax, William. Revolution in Portugal: 1974-1976. A Bibliography. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1978.■ McCarthy, Joseph M. Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde Islands: A Comprehensive Bibliography. New York: Garland, 1977.■ Moniz, Miguel. Azores. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 221. Oxford: ABC-Clio, 1999.■ Nunes, José Lúcio, and José Júlio Gonçalves. Bibliografia Histórico-Militar do Ultramar Portugües. Lisbon, 1956. Pélissier, René. Bibliographies sur l'Afrique Luso-Hispanophone 1800-1890.■ Orgeval, France: 1980. Portuguese Studies. London. 1984-. Annual.■ Portuguese Studies Newsletter. No. 1-23 (1976-90). Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal. Semiannual.■ Portuguese Studies Review. Vols. 1-9 (1991-2001). Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal. Semi-Annual.. Vols. 10- (2002-). Durham, N.H.: Trent University; Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.■ Rocha, Natércia. Bibliografia geral da Literatura Portuguesa para Crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.■ Rogers, Francis Millet, and David T. Haberly. Brazil, Portugal and Other Portuguese-Speaking Lands: A List of Books Primarily in English. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968.■ Santos, Manuel dos. Bibliografia geral ou descrição bibliográfica de livros tantos de autores portugueses como brasileiros e muitos outras nacionalidades, impressos desde o século XV até à actualidade, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1914-25.■ Silva, J. Donald. A Bibliography on the Madeira Islands. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1987.■ Teixeira, Carlos, and G. Lavigne. Os portugueses no Canadá: Uma bibliografia ( 1953-1996). Lisbon: Direção-Geral dos Assuntos Consulares e Comunidades Portuguesas, 1998.■ University of Coimbra, Faculty of Letters. Bibliografia Anual de História de Portugal. Vol. 1. [sources published beginning in 1989- ] Coimbra: Grupo de História; Faculdade de Letras; Universidade de Coimbra, 1992-.■ Unwin, P. T. H., comp. Portugal. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 71. Oxford, U.K.: ABC-Clio Press, 1987.■ Viera, David J., et al., comp. The Portuguese in the United States ( Supplement to the 1976 Leo Pap Bibliography). Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1990.■ Welsh, Doris Varner, comp. A Catalogue of the William B. Greenlee Collection of Portuguese History and Literature and the Portuguese Materials in the Newberry Library. Chicago: Newberry Library, 1953.■ Wiarda, Iêda Siqueira, ed. The Handbook of Portuguese Studies. Washington, D.C.: Xlibris, 2000.■ Wilgus, A. Curtis. Latin America, Spain & Portugal: A Selected & Annotated Bibliographical Guide to Books Published 1954-1974. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1977.■ Winius, George. "Bibliographical Essay: A Treasury of Printed Source Materials Pertaining to the XV and XVI Centuries." In George Winius, ed., Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World, 1300-ca. 1600, 373-401. Madison, Wis.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.■ PERIODICALS RELATING TO PORTUGAL■ Africana. Oporto. Semiannual.■ Africa Report. New York. Monthly or bimonthly.■ Africa Today. Denver, Colo. Quarterly.■ Agenda Cultural. Lisbon. Monthly.■ Almanaque do Exército. Lisbon, 1912-40.■ American Historical Review. Washington, D.C. Quarterly.■ Anais da Académia Portuguesa da História. Lisbon.■ Anais das Bibliotecas e Arquivos. Lisbon. Annual.■ Análise do sector público administrativo e empresarial. Lisbon. Quarterly. Análise Social. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Anglo-Portuguese News. Monte Estoril and Lisbon. 1937-2003. Biweekly and weekly.■ Antropológicas. Oporto. 1998-. Semiannual. Anuário Católico de Portugal. Lisbon. Annual.■ Archipélago. Revista do Instituto Universitário dos Açores. Punta Delgado. Semiannual. Architectural Digest. New York. Monthly. Archivum. Paris. Quarterly. Arqueologia. Oporto. Annual.■ Arqueólogo Portugües, O. Lisbon. 1958-. Semiannual Arquivo das Colónias. Lisbon. 1917-33. Arquivo de Beja. Beja. Annual. Arquivo Histórico Portuguez. Lisbon.■ Arquivos da Memória. Lisbon. 1997-. Semiannual.■ Arquivos do Centro Cultural Portugües [Fundação Gulbenkian, Paris]. Paris. Annual.■ Boletim da Academia Internacional da Cultura Portuguesa. Lisbon. Boletim da Agência Geral das Colónias. Lisbon.■ Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa. Lisbon Quarterly; Bimonthly.■ Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal. Oporto. Annual.■ Boletim de Estudos Operários. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Boletim do Arquivo Histórico Militar. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira. Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Azores Islands. Semiannual. Boletim Geral do Ultramar. Lisbon. Bracara Augusta. Braga. Brigantia. Lisbon. 1990-. Semiannual.■ British Bulletin of Publications on Latin America... Portugal and Spain. London. 1949-. Semiannual. British Historical Society of Portugal. Annual Report and Review. Lisbon. Brotéria. Lisbon. Quarterly. Bulletin des Etudes Portugaises. Paris. Quarterly.■ Bulletin des Etudes Portugaises et de l'Institut Français au Portugal. Lisbon. Annual.■ Cadernos de Arqueologia. Braga. Semiannual and annual. Monographs.■ Cadernos do Noroeste. Braga, University of Minho. Semiannual.■ Camões Center Quarterly. New York.■ Capital, A. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.■ Clio. Lisbon. 1996-. Annual.■ Clio-Arqueologia. Lisbon. 1983-. Annual.■ Conimbriga. Coimbra.■ Cultura. London. Quarterly.■ Democracia e Liberdade. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Dia, O. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.■ Diário da Assembleia Nacional e Constituente. Lisbon. 1911.■ Diário da Câmara de Deputados. Lisbon. 1911-26.■ Diário de Lisboa. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.■ Diário de Notícias. Lisbon. Daily newspaper of record.■ Diário do Governo. Lisbon. 1910-74.■ Diário do Senado. Lisbon. 1911-26.■ Documentos. Centro de Documentação 25 de Abril. Coimbra. Quarterly.■ E-Journal of Portuguese History. Providence, R.I. Quarterly.■ Economia. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Economia e Finanças. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Economia e Sociologia. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Estratégia Internacional. Lisbon.■ Estudos Contemporâneos. Lisbon.■ Estudos de economia. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Estudos históricos e económicos. Oporto. Semiannual.■ Estudos Medievais. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Estudos Orientais. Lisbon, 1990. Semiannual.■ Ethnologia. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Ethnologie Française. Paris. Quarterly.■ Ethnos. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ European History Quarterly. Lancaster, U.K., 1970-. Quarterly.■ Expresso. Lisbon. 1973-. Weekly newspaper.■ Facts and Reports. Amsterdam. Collected press clippings.■ Financial Times. London. Daily; special supplements on Portugal.■ Finisterra. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Flama. Lisbon. Monthly magazine.■ Garcia de Orta. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Gaya. Oporto. Semiannual.■ Geographica: Revista da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Hispania. USA. Quarterly.■ Hispania Antiqua. Madrid. Semiannual.■ Hispanic American Historical Review. Chapel Hill, N.C. Quarterly. História. Lisbon. Monthly.■ Iberian Studies. Nottingham, U.K. Quarterly or Semiannual.■ Indicadores económicos. Lisbon. Bank of Portugal. Monthly. Ingenium. Revista da Ordem dos Engenheiros. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ International Journal of Iberian Studies. London and Glasgow, 1987-. Semiannual.■ Illustração Portugueza. Lisbon. 1911-1930s. Magazine. Instituto, O. Coimbra. Annual.■ Itinerário. Leiden (Netherlands). 1976-. Semiannual. Jornal, O. Lisbon. Weekly newspaper. Jornal de Letras, O. Lisbon. Weekly culture supplement. Jornal do Fundão. Fundão, Beira Alta. Weekly newspaper. Journal of European Economic History. Quarterly.■ Journal of Modern History. Chicago, Ill. Quarterly.■ Journal of Southern European Society & Politics. Athens, Greece. 1995-. Quarterly.■ Journal of the American Portuguese Culture Society. New York. 1966-81. Semiannual or annual. Ler História. Lisbon. Quarterly. Lisboa: Revista Municipal. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Lusíada: Revista trimestral de ciência e cultura. Lisbon. 1989-. Three times a year.■ Lusitania Sacra. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Luso-Americano, O. Newark, N.J. Weekly newspaper.■ Luso-Brazilian Review. Madison, Wisc. 1964-. Semiannual.■ Lusotopie. Paris. 1995-. Annual.■ Nova economia. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Numismática. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Oceanos. Lisbon. Bimonthly.■ Ocidente. Lisbon. Monthly.■ Olisipo. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Ordem do Exército. Lisbon. 1926-74. Monthly.■ Penélope. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Política Internacional. Lisbon. 1990-. Quarterly.■ Portugal. Annuário Estatístico do Ultramar. Lisbon. 1950-74.■ Portugal em Africa. Lisbon. 1894-1910. Bimonthly.■ Portugal socialista. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Portugália. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Portuguese & Colonial Bulletin. London. 1961-74. Quarterly. Portuguese Studies. London. 1985-. Annual.■ Portuguese Studies Newsletter. Durham, N.H. 1976-90. Semiannual.■ Portuguese Studies Review. Durham, N.H. 1991-2001; Trent, Ont. 2002-. Semiannual.■ Portuguese Times. New Bedford, Mass. Weekly newspaper.■ Povo Livre. Lisbon. Monthly.■ Primeiro do Janeiro. Oporto. Daily newspaper.■ Quaderni Portoghesi. Rome. 1974-. Semiannual.■ Race. A Journal of Race and Group Relations. London. Quarterly.■ Recherches en Anthropologie au Portugal. Paris. 1995-. Annual.■ República, A. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.■ Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais. Coimbra. Quarterly.■ Revista da Biblioteca Nacional. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Lisboa. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Revista da Faculdade de Letras. Lisbon. Quarterly. Revista da Faculdade de Letras. Oporto. Semiannual. Revista da Universidade de Coimbra. Coimbra. Quarterly. Revista de Ciência Política. Lisbon. Semiannual. Revista de Ciências Agrárias. Lisbon. Semiannual. Revista de Economia. Lisbon. 1953-. Three times a year. Revista de Estudos Anglo-Portugueses. Lisbon. Annual. Revista de Estudos Históricos. Rio de Janeiro. Semiannual. Revista de Guimarães. Guimarães. Semiannual. Revista de História. São Paulo, Brazil. Semiannual. Revista de História Económica e Social. Oporto. Semiannual. Revista de Infanteria. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Revista Internacional de Estudos Africanos. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Revista Lusitana. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Revista Militar. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Revista Portuguesa de História. Coimbra. Quarterly.■ Revue Geographique des Pyrenees et du Sud-Ouest. Paris. Semiannual.■ Sábado. Lisbon. Weekly news magazine.■ Seara Nova. Lisbon. 1921-. Bimonthly.■ Século, O. Lisbon. Daily Newspaper.■ Selecções do Readers Digest. Lisbon. Monthly.■ Semanário económico. Lisbon. Weekly.■ Setúbal arqueologica. Setúbal. Semiannual.■ Sigila. Paris. 1998-. Semiannual.■ Sintria. Sintra. Annual.■ Sociedade e Território. Revista de estudos urbanos e regionais. Oporto. 1986-. Quarterly.■ Studia. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Studies in the History of Gardens and Designed Landscapes. New York. Quarterly.■ Studium Generale. Oporto. Quarterly.■ Tempo, O. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.■ Tempo e o Modo, O. Lisbon. 1968-74. Quarterly.■ Trabalhos da Sociedade Portuguesa de Antropologia. Oporto. Semiannual.■ Trabalhos de Antropologia E Etnologia. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Trabalhos de Arqueologia. Lisbon. Annual.■ Translation. New York. Quarterly.■ Ultramar. Lisbon. 1960-71. Quarterly.■ Veja. São Paulo. Weekly news magazine.■ Veleia. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Vida Mundial. Lisbon. Weekly news magazine.■ West European Politics. London. Quarterly. -
16 подход
approach• Альтернативный подход использует такие понятия как... - The alternative approach uses notions such as...• Альтернативный подход содержится в идее... - An alternative approach is contained in the idea of...• Альтернативным подходом является (его) запись (в виде)... - An alternative approach is to write...• Более научным подходом является... - A more scientific approach is to...• Более простой подход получается, если заметить, что... - A simpler approach is to observe that...• Более удовлетворительный подход описывается ниже. - A better approach is as follows.• Более успешный подход заключался в том, чтобы использовать... - A more successful approach has been to use...• Будут упомянуты три возможных подхода. - Three possible approaches will be mentioned.• В данной главе рассматривается еще один подход... - This chapter is concerned with yet another approach to...• В данном подходе имеется неявное предположение, что... - Implicit in this viewpoint is the assumption that...• В данном случае можно использовать другой подход. - In this case a different approach can be used.• В основном, различные подходы приводят к... - Different approaches will, in general, lead to...• В этой главе будут описываться два подхода... - This chapter will describe two approaches to...• Вместо этого можно воспользоваться эмпирическим подходом. - Instead, an empirical approach can be adopted.• Возможно, это разумный подход. - This is probably a sensible approach.• Данный подход должен быть изменен так, чтобы он учитывал тот факт, что... - The approach must be modified to accommodate the fact that...• Данный подход наиболее соответствует исследуемой задаче. - This approach is best matched to the problem under consideration.• Данный подход нарушает основной принцип... - This approach violates the basic principle of...• Данный подход показывает, что... - The present approach shows that...• Другие подходы к той же задаче будут намечены ниже. - The different approaches to this problem will be outlined below.• Другой подход поддерживался Смитом [1]. - A different approach was advocated by Smith [1].• Еще одним подходом является... - Still another approach is to...• Заслуживает упоминания другой подход к проблеме этого типа. - Another approach to problems of this type is worthy of notice.• Более удовлетворительный подход это... - A much more satisfactory approach is to...• Можно принять/предложить более детализированный подход... -It is possible to adopt/to choose/to take/to use a more detailed approach to...• Мы обсудим три общих подхода. - We shall discuss three general approaches.• Мы решили использовать более эмпирический подход. - We decided to adopt a more empirical approach.• Наиболее простым подходом является... - The most primitive approach is to...• Неадекватность чисто вычислительных подходов к данной проблеме усиливала необходимость в... - The inadequacy of purely computational approaches to the problem intensified the need for...• Один интересный альтернативный подход начинается с... - An interesting alternative approach begins with...• Один очень интересный подход был предложен Смитом [1]. - A very interesting approach has been proposed by Smith [1].• Однако подобный подход не является удовлетворительным, поскольку... - Such an approach, however, is usually not satisfactory because...• Разработчики использовали различные подходы, чтобы получить... - Designers have used various approaches in arriving at...• Совершенно другой подход базируется на... - A fundamentally different approach is based on...• Тем самым предлагается другой подход к проблеме... - This suggests another approach to the problem of...• Успех такого подхода будет определяться... - The success of this attack will be determined by...• Что теряется в подобном подходе - это... - What is lacking in such an approach is...• Эдисон изобрел новый подход к... - Edison invented a new way to...• Эта глава представляет один подход к решению... - This chapter presents one approach to the solution of...• Эти два подхода связаны тем обстоятельством, что... - The two aspects are related by the fact that...• Эти темы покрывают три различных подхода к истории математики. - The topics covered span three different approaches to the history of mathematics.• Это подход, предложенный Смитом [1]. - This is the approach suggested by Smith [1].• Этот подход был впервые опробован Смитом [1]. - This approach was first attempted by Smith [1].• Этот подход был использован при изучении... - This approach has been used in the study of...• Этот подход доказал свою полезность в определении ранних стадий... - This approach has proven useful in identifying the early stages of...• Этот подход имеет то преимущество, что... - This approach has the advantage that...• Этот подход может быть успешным лишь если... - This approach can succeed only if...• Этот подход особенно привлекателен ввиду... - This approach is especially attractive in view of...• Этот подход очень полезен при анализе эффектов (чего-л). - This approach is very useful in analyzing the effects of...• Этот подход предлагает существенные математические преимущества, потому что... - This approach offers considerable mathematical advantages, because...• Этот подход принимается, поскольку... - This approach is adopted because...• Этот подход требует солидного (обеспечения и т. п.)... - This approach requires a good deal of...• Этот фундаментальный подход полезен при решении... - This fundamental approach is useful in solving... -
17 wirtschaftlich
wirtschaftlich I adj WIWI economic (Bezug: produzierende Wirtschaft, Volkswirtschaft, knappe Güter; nie: economical = sparsam); cost-effective, efficient (i. S. v. effizient, leistungsfähig, rationell, gut funktionierend) wirtschaftlich II adv WIWI economically • wirtschaftlich angemessen darstellen RW present fairly (Rechnungsprüfung) • wirtschaftlich gestalten GEN rationalize • wirtschaftlich tragfähig MGT, WIWI economically viable • wirtschaftlich unabhängig GEN self-supporting* * *adj 1. <Bank, Finanz> economic, efficient; 2. < Geschäft> economic, efficient, commercial; 3. <Verwalt, Vw> economic, efficientadv <Vw> economically ■ wirtschaftlich angemessen darstellen < Rechnung> Rechnungsprüfung present fairly ■ wirtschaftlich gestalten < Geschäft> rationalize ■ wirtschaftlich unabhängig < Geschäft> self-supporting* * *wirtschaftlich
(Ertrag abwerfend) profitable, yielding a return, remunerative, paying, commercial, (gewerblich) industrial, (leistungsfähig) efficient, (sparsam) saving, economical, material, money-saving, thrifty, (volkswirtschaftlich) economic[al];
• wirtschaftlich bedrängt economically-beleaguered;
• wirtschaftlich rentabel economically viable;
• sein Geld wirtschaftlich anlegen to invest one’s money profitably;
• wirtschaftlich arbeiten (Maschine) to work economically;
• wirtschaftlich gestalten to rationalize;
• wirtschaftlich sein to be on a profitable basis;
• wirtschaftlich tätig sein to be in trade (business);
• wirtschaftlich mit etw. umgehen to be economical with s. th.;
• wirtschaftliche Abkühlung cyclical slowdown;
• wirtschaftliche Abkühlung herbeiführen to cool the economy;
• wirtschaftliche Angaben economic (business) data;
• wirtschaftliche Angliederung economic assimilation (attachment);
• wirtschaftliche Anpassung economic adjustment;
• wirtschaftliche Anspannung economic strain;
• wirtschaftliches Arbeiten economical operation;
• wirtschaftliche Auftragsgröße economic order quantity;
• wirtschaftliche Ausdehnung economic expansion;
• wirtschaftlicher Ausgleich economic adjustment;
• wirtschaftliche Aussichten business prospects;
• wirtschaftliche Autarkie economic self-sufficiency;
• wirtschaftliche Bedeutung commercial prominence;
• wirtschaftliche Bedingungen economic terms;
• wirtschaftliche Belange trade concerns, economic interests;
• wirtschaftliche Belastung economic handicap;
• wirtschaftlicher Berater economic adviser (consultant), industrial counsel(l)or;
• wirtschaftlicher Berufsverband trade association;
• wirtschaftliche Besprechungen trade conference (talks);
• wirtschaftlicher Betrieb economical operation, profitable enterprise;
• wirtschaftliche Beweggründe economic motives;
• wirtschaftliche Beziehungen economic relations;
• wirtschaftliche Bindungen business ties;
• wirtschaftliche Blüte business boom;
• wirtschaftlichen Druck ausüben to exercise economic pressure;
• wirtschaftliche Durchdringung economic penetration;
• wirtschaftliches Eigentum business ownership;
• wirtschaftliche Einheit economic whole (entity);
• wirtschaftliche Entwicklung economic (commercial) development, trade lead;
• wirtschaftlicher Erfolg commercial success;
• wirtschaftliche Erwägungen economic policy;
• sich von wirtschaftlichen Erwägungen leiten lassen to be guided by financial considerations;
• wirtschaftlicher Fachausdruck economic (trade) term;
• wirtschaftliche Festsetzung trade foothold;
• wirtschaftliche Flaute business depression;
• wirtschaftlicher Fortschritt economic progress;
• auf wirtschaftlichem Gebiet in the economic field, in economic matters;
• auf wirtschaftlichem und sozialem Gebiet in the economic and social fields;
• wirtschaftliche Gegebenheiten economical reality;
• wirtschaftliche Geldanlage profitable investment;
• wirtschaftliche Gesichtspunkte economic angles (aspects, factors);
• wirtschaftliches Grundgesetz economic principle;
• gesunde wirtschaftliche Grundlage sound economic basis;
• wirtschaftliche Haushaltsführung economical housekeeping;
• wirtschaftliche Herausforderung economic challenge;
• wirtschaftliche Hilfe commercial leg-up;
• wirtschaftliche Hilfsquellen economic resources;
• in wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht economically;
• wirtschaftlicher Hintergrund business background;
• wirtschaftliche Integration economic integration;
• wirtschaftliche Interessen commercial interests;
• wirtschaftliche Konkurrenz trade rivalry;
• wirtschaftliche Lage business situation, (Schuldner) financial position;
• wirtschaftliche Lebensdauer economic (useful) life;
• wirtschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit economic vitality (performance, efficiency), industrial efficiency, profit-earning capacity;
• wirtschaftliche Losgröße economic batch size;
• wirtschaftliche Machtstellung economic power;
• wirtschaftliche Maßnahmen economic actions;
• wirtschaftliche Misere economic gloom;
• wirtschaftliches Motiv profit motive;
• wirtschaftlicher Niedergang economic downturn;
• wirtschaftliche Notlage economic distress, financial embarrassment;
• wirtschaftliche Nutzungsdauer economic (useful) life;
• wirtschaftliches Planziel economic target;
• vor großen wirtschaftlichen Problemen stehen to be faced with great financial problems;
• wirtschaftlicher Querschnitt industrial cross-section;
• wirtschaftlicher Reibungskoeffizient economic friction;
• wirtschaftliche Repressalien economic reprisals;
• wirtschaftlicher Rückschlag economic dip;
• wirtschaftlicher Ruin economic ruin;
• wirtschaftliche Sanierung reorganization;
• wirtschaftliches Sanierungsprogramm economic adjustment program(me);
• wirtschaftliche Sanktionen economic sanctions;
• wirtschaftliche Schlüsselstellung key industrial emporium;
• wirtschaftliche Stagnation economic stagnation;
• vom wirtschaftlichen Standpunkt economically speaking;
• wirtschaftliche Stellung trade (business) position;
• wirtschaftliche Tagesfragen bread-and-butter economic issues;
• wirtschaftliche Talfahrt economic slide;
• wirtschaftliche Tätigkeit business activity;
• wirtschaftlicher Tätigkeitsbericht survey of economic activities;
• wirtschaftliches Tief depression, low;
• wirtschaftliche Überhitzung overheating of the boom;
• wirtschaftliche Überlegenheit economic superiority;
• wirtschaftliche Überlegungen trade reasons;
• wirtschaftliche Übermacht economic supremacy;
• wirtschaftliche Umwälzung commercial revolution;
• wirtschaftliche Unabhängigkeit economic independence, (Land) [economic] autarchy;
• wirtschaftliche Unsicherheit economic uncertainty;
• wirtschaftliche Vereinigung commerce association;
• wirtschaftliche Verflechtung economic interdependence, web of business;
• wirtschaftlicher Wagen economy-sized car;
• wirtschaftlicher Wert economic issue (worth);
• wirtschaftlicher Wiederaufbau industrial rehabilitation;
• wirtschaftliche Wiederbelebung economic recovery;
• wirtschaftliche Wiedereingliederung industrial rehabilitation;
• wirtschaftliches Zentrum industrial centre (Br.) (center, US);
• wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit vertiefen to intensify economic cooperation;
• wirtschaftlicher Zusammenbruch business collapse;
• wirtschaftlicher Zusammenhang economic relationship[s];
• wirtschaftlicher Zusammenschluss economic fusion;
• wirtschaftliche Zwangsläufigkeiten economic determinism;
• wirtschaftlicher Zweck commercial purpose.
Zurückgebliebener, wirtschaftlich
economic laggard. -
18 Hancock, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 8 May 1786 Marlborough, Wiltshire, Englandd. 26 March 1865 Stoke Newington, London, England[br]English founder of the British rubber industry.[br]After education at a private school in Marlborough, Hancock spent some time in "mechanical pursuits". He went to London to better himself and c.1819 his interest was aroused in the uses of rubber, which until then had been limited. His first patent, dated 29 April 1820, was for the application of rubber in clothing where some elasticity was useful, such as braces or slip-on boots. He noticed that freshly cut pieces of rubber could be made to adhere by pressure to form larger pieces. To cut up his imported and waste rubber into small pieces, Hancock developed his "masticator". This device consisted of a spiked roller revolving in a hollow cylinder. However, when rubber was fed in to the machine, the product was not the expected shredded rubber, but a homogeneous cylindrical mass of solid rubber, formed by the heat generated by the process and pressure against the outer cylinder. This rubber could then be compacted into blocks or rolled into sheets at his factory in Goswell Road, London; the blocks and sheets could be used to make a variety of useful articles. Meanwhile Hancock entered into partnership with Charles Macintosh in Manchester to manufacture rubberized, waterproof fabrics. Despite these developments, rubber remained an unsatisfactory material, becoming sticky when warmed and losing its elasticity when cold. In 1842 Hancock encountered specimens of vulcanized rubber prepared by Charles Goodyear in America. Hancock worked out for himself that it was made by heating rubber and sulphur, and obtained a patent for the manufacture of the material on 21 November 1843. This patent also included details of a new form of rubber, hardened by heating to a higher temperature, that was later called vulcanite, or ebonite. In 1846 he began making solid rubber tyres for road vehicles. Overall Hancock took out sixteen patents, covering all aspects of the rubber industry; they were a leading factor in the development of the industry from 1820 until their expiry in 1858.[br]Bibliography1857, Personal Narrative of the Origin and Progress of the Caoutchouc or Indiarubber Manufacture in England, London.Further ReadingH.Schurer, 1953, "The macintosh: the paternity of an invention", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 28:77–87.LRD -
19 Gewerbe
Gewerbe n GEN, IND business, industry, trade (No exact English equivalent, but the following six meanings convey the diverse aspects: 1. business (als Gegensatz zu Freizeitaktivität, as distinct from leisure-time activities); 2. industry (im Sinne von ‚gewerbliche Wirtschaft’, including mining, craft trades, commerce, transport, catering, banking & insurance, and other services, i.e. excluding farming); 3. a segment of the economy, as above, specified in the Gewerbeordnung = Industrial Code, but excluding mining; 4. all small and medium-sized goods-producing businesses = mittelständisches Gewerbe; 5. trade (small manufacturers and traders = Kleingewerbe); 6. last but not least: the world’s oldest profession = das älteste Gewerbe der Welt. Steuerrechtliche Kriterien: Selbstständige, planmäßige, nachhaltige (auch sittenwidrige) Betätigung, Beteiligung am allgemeinen wirtschaftlichen Verkehr, Gewinnerzielungsabsicht) • ein Gewerbe betreiben als GEN trade as • ein Gewerbe treiben als GEN trade as* * *n <Geschäft, Ind> business, industry, trade (No exact English equivalent, but the following six meanings convey the diverse aspects: 1. business (als Gegensatz zu Freizeitaktivität, as distinct from leisure-time activities) ; 2. industry (im Sinne von 'gewerbliche Wirtschaft', including mining, craft trades, commerce, transport, catering, banking & insurance, and other services, i.e. excluding farming) ; 3. a segment of the economy, as above, specified in the Gewerbeordnung = Industrial Code, but excluding mining ; 4. all small and medium-sized goods-producing businesses = mittelständisches Gewerbe ; 5. trade (small manufacturers and traders = Kleingewerbe) ; 6. last but not least: the world's oldest profession = das älteste Gewerbe der Welt. Steuerrechtliche Kriterien: Selbständige, planmäßige, nachhaltige (auch sittenwidrige) Betätigung, Beteiligung am allgemeinen wirtschaftlichen Verkehr, Gewinnerzielungsabsicht) ■ ein Gewerbe betreiben als < Geschäft> trade as ■ ein Gewerbe treiben als < Geschäft> trade as--------: damit verbundene Gewerbe< Ind> allied industries, associated industries* * *Gewerbe
business, trade, (Beruf) calling, profession, occupation, vocation, shop, job (US), (Handwerk) craft, (Industrie) industry, (Industriezweig) line of business, branch of industry;
• ambulantes Gewerbe itinerant trade (trading), runaway shop, travelling vendors, peddlery (US), pedlary (Br.), peddling;;
• Anstoß erregendes Gewerbe offensive trade;
• aufblühendes Gewerbe boom industry;
• noch in der Entstehung begriffenes Gewerbe embryo industry;
• besonderes Gewerbe particular branch;
• im kleinsten Umfang betriebenes Gewerbe microbusiness;
• Dienst leistendes Gewerbe service industries;
• dunkles Gewerbe shady business;
• ehrbares Gewerbe honest trade, gentle calling;
• einträgliches Gewerbe profitable trade;
• energieintensive Gewerbe energy-intense industries;
• gefährliches Gewerbe dangerous trade (industry);
• genehmigungspflichtiges Gewerbe trade subject to a licence, licence case (US);
• gesundheitsschädliches Gewerbe offensive trade;
• grafisches Gewerbe printing trade;
• handwerkliches Gewerbe handicraft [business], craftman's establishment;
• kaufmännisches Gewerbe merchanthood, merchantry, business (commercial) occupation;
• konzessioniertes Gewerbe licensed traffic;
• landwirtschaftliches Gewerbe non-commercial trade;
• im öffentlichen Interesse liegendes Gewerbe business affected with a public interest;
• modeabhängiges Gewerbe fashionable trade;
• nützliches Gewerbe useful trade;
• ortsansässiges Gewerbe local trade;
• nicht registriertes Gewerbe unincorporated enterprise;
• schmutziges Gewerbe no lawful trade;
• sittenwidriges Gewerbe immoral trade;
• stehendes Gewerbe non-itinerant trading;
• durch Industriealisierung überholtes Gewerbe industry by-passed by industrialization;
• unterentlohntes Gewerbe sweatshop industry;
• verbotenes Gewerbe no lawful trade;
• zünftiges Gewerbe incorporated trade;
• Handel und Gewerbe commerce and industry;
• Gewerbe belästigender Art noxious trade;
• Gewerbe der Steuerumgehung tax avoidance industry;
• Gewerbe im Umherziehen runaway shop, itinerant trade (trading), peddlery, pedlary;
• sein Kapital in einem Gewerbe anlegen to buy o. s. into an industry;
• Gewerbe anmelden to register a trade (business);
• Gewerbe ansiedeln to locate industry;
• Gewerbe ausüben (betreiben) to carry on (drive, exercise, ply, pursue, follow) a trade, to run a business (US);
• Gewerbe beginnen to open a trade;
• Gewerbe nach kaufmännischen Gesichtspunkten betreiben to carry on a trade on a commercial basis;
• auf Gewinn gerichtetes Gewerbe betreiben to carry on business in common with a view to profit;
• Gewerbe erlernen to learn a trade;
• sein Gewerbe bei erkannter Insolvenz fortsetzen to continue trading after knowledge of insolvency;
• etw. zum Gewerbe machen to professionalize s. th.;
• einem Gewerbe nachgehen to prosecute (ply) a trade, to pursue a line of business;
• seinem Gewerbe nachgehen to go about one’s lawful occasions;
• Gewerbeanmeldung registration of business;
• Gewerbeantrag business application;
• Gewerbeantragsteller commercial applicant;
• Gewerbeaufseher factory inspector, industrial executive (US);
• Gewerbeaufsicht factory (labo(u)r, trade) inspection;
• Gewerbeaufsichtamt factory inspectorate division, industrial executive (US);
• Gewerbeaufsichtswesen factoryship;
• Gewerbeausbildung industrial training;
• Gewerbeausbildungsgesetz Industrial Training Act (Br.);
• Gewerbeausschuss trade committee;
• Gewerbeausschuss für das Hotel- und Gaststättenwesen Hotel and Catering Industry Board (Br.);
• Gewerbeausstellung industrial (trade) exhibition, trade fair (Br.);
• Gewerbeausübung exercise (pursuit, conduct) of a trade;
• Gewerbebank industrial bank;
• Gewerbebeeinträchtigung interference with trade;
• Gewerbe befugnis, Gewerbeberechtigung [business (trade)] licence, commercial privilege, letters of business (Br.), concession (US);
• ausschließliche Gewerbeberechtigung monopoly;
• Gewerbeberechtigung entziehen to withdraw the operating licence;
• Gewerbebesteuerung business taxation. -
20 competir
v.1 to compete.varios grupos compiten por la obtención del contrato several groups are competing for the contractnos es muy difícil competir con las importaciones chinas we find it very difficult to compete with Chinese importsLos soldados contienden en el campo The soldiers contend in the field.2 to compete against.* * *1 to compete* * *verb* * *VI1) (=enfrentarse) to competeson incapaces de competir con o contra gente más joven — they are incapable of competing with o against younger people
•
competir en algo — to compete in sthcompetir en el mercado — (Com) to compete in the market
•
competir por algo — to compete for sth2) (=compararse)•
competir con algo, no hay nada que pueda competir con un buen vino — you can't beat a good wine, nothing can compare with a good winees el único modelo que compite en precio con sus rivales — it's the only model which can compete o compare with its rivals in terms of price
en cuanto a resistencia Miguel no puede competir con Andrés — when it comes to stamina Miguel is no match for Andrés
* * *verbo intransitivoa) (pugnar, luchar) to competecompetir con or contra alguien (por algo) — to compete with o against somebody (for something)
b) ( estar al mismo nivel)competir en algo: los dos modelos compiten en calidad — the two models rival each other in quality
* * *= race, jostle.Ex. These companies have been racing to define the information superhighway for themselves, and to stake a claim in what they view as the economic engine of the information age.Ex. In the case of flax the Library of Congress does not provide an enumerated division and so books on flax spinning must jostle in alphabetic order with books on other aspects of flax = En el caso del lino la Biblioteca del Congreso no proporciona una división enumerada por lo que los libros sobre el hilado del lino deben competir en la ordenación alfabética con otros libros que tratan sobre diferentes aspectos del lino.----* competir con = compete (with), contend with, vie with.* competir en = play at.* competir por = scramble.* competir por acaparar la atención de Alguien = compete for + attention.* tener que competir con = face + competition from.* * *verbo intransitivoa) (pugnar, luchar) to competecompetir con or contra alguien (por algo) — to compete with o against somebody (for something)
b) ( estar al mismo nivel)competir en algo: los dos modelos compiten en calidad — the two models rival each other in quality
* * *competir (con)(v.) = compete (with), contend with, vie withEx: Cards will remain useful for small local and personal indexes but other options, in the form of microcomputers and their software are beginning to compete in this application.
Ex: This variety of physical forms presents unhelpful complexities to a user, who may have to contend with computer print-out book form, conventionally printed indexes, microfiche and online indexes and catalogues, in even relatively simple searches.Ex: As new reference service programmes vie with existing ones for funding, these changing patterns have an impact on budgeting.= race, jostle.Ex: These companies have been racing to define the information superhighway for themselves, and to stake a claim in what they view as the economic engine of the information age.
Ex: In the case of flax the Library of Congress does not provide an enumerated division and so books on flax spinning must jostle in alphabetic order with books on other aspects of flax = En el caso del lino la Biblioteca del Congreso no proporciona una división enumerada por lo que los libros sobre el hilado del lino deben competir en la ordenación alfabética con otros libros que tratan sobre diferentes aspectos del lino.* competir con = compete (with), contend with, vie with.* competir en = play at.* competir por = scramble.* competir por acaparar la atención de Alguien = compete for + attention.* tener que competir con = face + competition from.* * *vi1 (pugnar, luchar) to compete competir CON algn to compete WITH sbno pueden competir con las cadenas de supermercados they can't compete with the supermarket chainscompetir CON/ CONTRA algn POR algo to compete WITH/ AGAINST sb FOR sthcompetíamos con Rospesa por el contrato we were competing with/against Rospesa for the contractcompetirán contra rivales europeos por esta copa they will be competing against teams from Europe for this trophy2 (estar al mismo nivel) competir EN algo:los dos modelos compiten en calidad y precio the two models rival each other in quality and price* * *
competir ( conjugate competir) verbo intransitivo
competir con or contra algn (por algo) to compete with o against sb (for sth)b) ( estar al mismo nivel):
competir verbo intransitivo to compete [con, with o against] [en, in] [por, for]
' competir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
desafiar
- disputar
- disputarse
English:
compete
- contend
- fight out
- pit
- race
- rival
- competition
- eligible
* * *competir vi1. [contender] to compete (con/por with/for);varios grupos compiten por la obtención del contrato several groups are competing for the contract;nos es muy difícil competir con las importaciones chinas we find it very difficult to compete with Chinese imports;exigen competir en pie de igualdad con otros países europeos they are demanding to compete on an equal footing with other European countriescompiten en belleza they rival each other in beauty;un producto que puede competir con los importados a product that can compete with foreign imports* * *v/i compete ( con with)* * *competir {54} vi: to compete* * *competir vb to compete
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